Evaluation of biogas production from different biomass wastes with/without hydrothermal pretreatment

Author

Wei Qiao, Xiuyi Yan, Junhui Ye, Yifei Sun, Wei Wang and Zhongzhi Zhang

Renewable Energy, 2011, vol. 36, issue 12, pages 3313-3318

Abstract: Municipal biomass waste is regarded as new available energy source, although it could cause serious environmental pollution. Generally, biogas recovery by anaerobic digestion was seen as an ideal way to treat biomass waste. Different types of biomass waste have different biogas production potential. In this paper, cow manure, pig manure, municipal sewage sludge, fruit/vegetable waste, and food waste were chosen as typical municipal biomass waste. In addition, hydrothermal pretreatment was used to accelerate digestion and increase biogas production. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) test was used to evaluate biogas production for raw biomass and hydrothermal treated waste. Raw materials of fruit/vegetable and food waste show higher methane production than that of cow manure, pig manure, and municipal sewage sludge. After hydrothermal pretreatment at typical condition (170 °C at 1 h), the biogas production of pig manure, cow manure, fruit/vegetable waste, and municipal sewage sludge increased by 7.8, 13.3, 18.5, and 67.8% respectively. While, for treated food waste, the biogas decrease by 3.4%. The methane yield of pig manure, fruit/vegetable waste, and municipal sewage sludge increased by 14.6, 16.1, and 65.8%, respectively. While, for treated cow manure and food waste, the methane decrease by 6.9% and 7.5%.

Keywords: Biomass waste; Biogas production; Hydrothermal pretreatment (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2011
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Biofuels Production through BiomassPyrolysis —A Technological Review

Author

Mohammad I. Jahirul (m1.islam@qut.edu.au), Mohammad G. Rasul(m.rasul@cqu.edu.au), Ashfaque Ahmed Chowdhury(a.chowdhury@cqu.edu.au) and Nanjappa Ashwath(n.ashwath@cqu.edu.au)
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Energies, 2012, vol. 5, issue 12, pages 4952

Abstract: There has been an enormous amount of research in recent years in the area of thermo-chemical conversion of biomass into bio-fuels (bio-oil, bio-char and bio-gas) through pyrolysis technology due to its several socio-economic advantages as well as the fact it is an efficient conversion method compared to other thermo-chemical conversion technologies. However, this technology is not yet fully developed with respect to its commercial applications. In this study, more than two hundred publications are reviewed, discussed and summarized, with the emphasis being placed on the current status of pyrolysis technology and its potential for commercial applications for bio-fuel production. Aspects of pyrolysis technology such as pyrolysis principles, biomass sources and characteristics, types of pyrolysis, pyrolysis reactor design, pyrolysis products and their characteristics and economics of bio-fuel productionare presented. It is found from this study that conversion of biomass to bio-fuel has to overcome challenges such as understanding the trade-off between the size of the pyrolysis plant and feedstock, improvement of the reliability of pyrolysis reactors and processes to become viable for commercial applications. Further study is required to achieve a better understanding of the economics of biomass pyrolysis for bio-fuel production, as well as resolving issues related to the capabilities of this technology in practical application.

Keywords: biomass pyrolysis; bio-fuel production; biomass feedstock; pyrolysis reactor; economics of pyrolysis process (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2012
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Thermodynamic analysis of biomass gasification with CO2 recycle for synthesis gas production

Author

Paphonwit Chaiwatanodom, Supawat Vivanpatarakij and Suttichai Assabumrungrat

Applied Energy, 2014, vol. 114, issue C, pages 10-17

Abstract: Thermodynamic analysis of biomass gasification with recycled CO2 was investigated in this work to determine optimum operation mode and CO2/C ratio. Gasification System Efficiency (GSE), which takes into account the energy demand in the system, and CO2 emission per syngas production (CO2/Sg) were calculated to evaluate the performance of the gasification system. Considering the production of syngas at a H2/CO ratio of 1.5, it was revealed that indirect gasification using biomass as fuel is the most efficient and environmental-friendly operation mode. The recycled CO2 proves to increase syngas production. However, when considering the additional energy demand required for processing the CO2 recycle, it was demonstrated that there are only some ranges of operating conditions (high pressure and low temperature) which offer the benefit of the CO2 recycle. The optimum CO2/C was reported to be around 0.1–0.2 for pressurized and low temperature gasification.

Keywords: Biomass gasification; Syngas production; CO2 gasifying agent (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2014
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Electricity production in rural villages with a biomass Stirling engine

Author

Erich Podesser

Renewable Energy, 1999, vol. 16, issue 1, pages 1049-1052

Abstract: The goals of the project were the design, construction and operation of a Stirling engine, which is heated by the flue gas of a biomass furnace. The α-type Stirling engine was selected for cost reasons, because many parts from industrial mass production can be used. The necessary maintance and repair work of the Stirling engine can be done by a standard car work shop. The major problem of this development is given by the dust content of the flue gas. To avoid obstacles and fouling at the outside of the heat exchanger smooth heat resistant tubes have to be used. All kinds of biomass, e.g. agricultural waste, log or chiped wood, shells of fruits like coffee, may be used as fuel. A biomass Stirling engine with air (nitrogen) as working gas and a shaft power of 3 kW was designed and constructed for lab tests. With a working gas pressure of 33 bar, 600 rpm, a shaft power of 3,2 kW at a coefficient of performance of 25% (shaft power/heat) was verified. Engine durability tests, performance measurements and improvements were finished in 1997. In the next step of the development the shaft power will be enlarged to 30 kW.

Keywords: Rural village; electricity production; biomass; Stirling engine; flue gas powered (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 1999
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A review of catalytic hydrogen productionprocesses from biomass

Author

Akshat Tanksale, Jorge Norberto Beltramini and GaoQing Max Lu

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2010, vol. 14, issue 1, pages 166-182

Abstract: Hydrogen is believed to be critical for the energy and environmental sustainability. Hydrogen is a clean energy carrier which can be used for transportation and stationary power generation. However, hydrogen is not readily available in sufficient quantities and the production cost is still high for transportation purpose. The technical challenges to achieve a stable hydrogen economy include improving process efficiencies, lowering the cost of production and harnessing renewable sources for hydrogen production. Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most abundant forms of renewable resource available. Currently there are not many commercial technologies able to produce hydrogen from biomass. This review focuses on the available technologies and recent developments in biomass conversion to hydrogen. Hydrogen production from biomass is discussed as a two stage process - in the first stage raw biomass is converted to hydrogen substrate in either gas, liquid or solid phase. In the second stage these substrates are catalytically converted to hydrogen.

Keywords: Hydrogen; Production; Biomass; Gasification; Pyrolysis; Aqueous; Phase; Reforming (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2010
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Energy and CO2 analysis of poplar and maize crops for biomass production in north Italy

Author

Marco Manzone and Angela Calvo

Renewable Energy, 2016, vol. 86, issue C, pages 675-681

Abstract: The rising price of fossil fuel and the increasing environmental concern encourage the use of biomasses as energy sources. Aim of this study was to compare two poplar SRC and vSRC (6 and 3 years rotation cycle) with an annual crop (maize), used for biomass production in north Italy.

Keywords: Energy; Poplar SRC; Maize; Biomass production (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2016
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Overview of bamboo biomass for energy production

Author

An Ha Truong and Thi My Anh Le
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Abstract: Bamboo biomass energy has great potential to be an alternative for fossil fuel. Bamboo biomass can be processed in various ways (thermal or biochemical conversion) to produce different energy products (charcoal, syngas and biofuels), which can be substitutions for existing fossil fuel products. Bamboo biomass has both advantages and drawbacks in comparison to other energy sources. It has better fuel characteristics than most biomass feed stocks and suitable for both thermal and biochemical pathways. The drawbacks of bamboo biomass includes establishment, logistic and land occupation. It can also impose negative impacts to environment if not well-managed, therefore, selection of bamboo as an energy dedicated feed stocks need to be evaluate carefully to avoid or minimized any possible risks. Bamboo biomass alone cannot fulfill all the demand for energy. It needs to combine with other sources to best exploit their potential and provide sustainable energy supply.

Keywords: biomass; energy; bamboo (search for similar items in EconPapers)
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Date: 2014-07
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Isolation and Characterization of New Temperature Tolerant Microalgal Strains for Biomass Production

Author

Franziska Bleeke (franziska.bleeke@hs-bremen.de), Vincent M. Rwehumbiza (v.rwehumbiza@gmail.com), Dominik Winckelmann(dominik.winckelmann@hs-bremen.de) and Gerd Klöck (gerd.kloeck@hs-bremen.de)
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Energies, 2014, vol. 7, issue 12, pages 7847

Abstract: Microalgae exhibit great potential for biomass production. Although microalgae display an enormous biodiversity, surprisingly only 15 species are used for large scale production processes worldwide. The implementation of new production strains with good process-oriented properties, especially fast growth rate and heat resistance, could improve production efficiency and reduce costs. In this study 130 environmental samples collected in Germany, Spain, Italy and Portugal were investigated for fast growing thermotolerant photosynthetic species. Isolates were characterized and identified on a molecular level. In total 21 of the isolated freshwater strains were able to grow at 40 °C. Additionally, 13 of those 21 strains are able to grow at 45 °C. The highest growth rate at room temperature was 1.16 per day (isolate T306A), compared to 0.053 per day at 45 °C (isolate Sp13). In three thermotolerant strains pigment production was induced. Molecular identification by 18S rDNA sequencing revealed that the isolates were all chlorophytes belonging to four different families.

Keywords: screening; high temperature tolerance; biomass production; freshwater microalgae; pigments (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2014
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Algae biomass as an alternative substrate in biogas production technologies—Review

Author

Marcin Dębowski, Marcin Zieliński, Anna Grala and Magda Dudek

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2013, vol. 27, issue C, pages 596-604

Abstract: The use of algae as a potential substrate in biogas production processes has been discussed sporadically, therefore this manuscript provides an overview of reference data published so far on that matter. The goal of this review is to present possibilities of applying algae biomass for biogas production purposes and to determine the effectiveness of the fermentation process of algae belonging to various taxonomic groups, originating from various biocenoses and characterized by different morphology and properties. Finally, this work reports on methods and technological solutions for algae biomass production as well as impediments and opportunities stemming from algae biomass use in biogas production technologies.

Keywords: Algae biomass; Biogas production; Methane fermentation; Microalgae; Macroalgae; Photobioreactors (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2013
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Key Determinants of Sustainable Product Design and Manufacturing

Published Date
Procedia CIRP
2015, Vol.26:99–102, doi:10.1016/j.procir.2014.07.166
12th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing – Emerging Potentials
Open Access, Creative Commons license

Author 

• Sumit Gupta ^,
 
• G.S. Dangayach
 
• Amit Kumar Singh

• Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur-302017 India

Received 12 May 2014. Revised 28 July 2014. Accepted 29 July 2014. Available online 27 March 2015. 

Abstract

In the present era, there is an urgent need to make all industrial products sustainable for reduce environmental impact in the Production and consumption. Sustainable manufacturing is becoming crucial for businesses more than ever before. In this context, The key determinants of sustainable Product Design and manufacturing (SPDM) has been examined in the form of Environmental, Economical and Social factors in the Indian manufacturing organisations which provides the basis of SPDM for Indian manufacturing firms. This paper identified the various types of key determinants of Sustainable Product Design and Manufacturing (SPDM) by the survey methodology. A survey is conducted to confirm the key determinants in Indian manufacturing organisations. From this study it is proposed that the more emphasis should be given on Product life cycle, 6R (reuse, recover, recycle, redesign, reduce and remanufacture) and Housing and service infrastructure for this the new tools and techniques will be develop for creating a sustainable product. In this regards, it is suggested that proposed key Determinants play a vital role in product design and manufacturing and gives the better approach for sustainability.

Keywords

Sustainable manufacturing

sustainable product design

environmental factors

economical factors

social factors and LCA

---

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• ☆
  Peer-review under responsibility of Assembly Technology and Factory Management/Technische Universität Berlin.

• ⁎ 
  Corresponding author. Tel.: +91-9560022023.

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