Everything About Wood

Wednesday, 16 March 2016

SARISKA TIGER RESERVE

The Sariska Tiger Reserve is an Indian national park and wildlife refuge located in the Alwar district of the state of Rajasthan. The topography of Sariska supports scrub-thorn arid forests, rocky landscapes, dry deciduous forests, rocks, grasses and hilly cliffs. This area was a hunting preserve of the Alwar state and it was declared a wildlife reserve in 1955. In 1978, it was given the status of a tiger reserve making it a part of India's Project Tiger. The present area of the park is 866 km². The park is situated 106 km from Hindaun, 107 km from Jaipur and 200 km from Delhi.

IUCN category II (national park)
A deer in the Sariska Reserve

The area of Sariska, being a part of the Aravalli Range, is rich in mineral resources, such as copper. In spite of the Supreme Court's 1991 ban on mining in the area, marble mining continues to threaten the environment.

The most attractive feature of this reserve has always been its Bengal tigers. It is the first tiger reserve in the world to have successfully relocated tigers.

Apart from the Bengal tiger, the reserve includes many species of wild life, such as the Indian leopard, jungle cat, caracal, striped hyena, Indian jackal, chital, sambhar, nilgai, chinkara, four-horned antelope, wild boar, hare, hanuman langur, rhesus monkeys. Sasrika is also ethereal for bird watchers with some of the rarest feathered species like grey partridge, white-throated kingfisher, Indian peafowl, bush quail, sandgrouse, treepie, golden-backed woodpecker, crested serpent eagle and the Indian eagle-owl.


Location	Alwar District, Rajasthan, India
Nearest city	Alwar
Coordinates	27°19′3″N 76°26′13″E
Area	282
Established	1955
Governing body	Project Tiger, Government of Rajasthan, Wildlife Warden, Sariska National Park
http://www.sariska.com/

The dominant tree in the forests is dhok (Anogeissus pendula). Other trees include the salar (Boswellia serrata), kadaya (Sterculia urens), dhak (Butea monosperma), gol (Lannea coromandelica), ber (Ziziphus mauritiana), and khair (Acacia catechu), Bargad (Ficus benghalensis), arjun (Terminalia arjuna), gugal (Commiphora wightii) or bamboo. Shrubs are numerous, such as kair (Capparis decidua), adusta (Adhatoda vesica) and jhar ber (Ziziphus nummularia).

Historical Place

The reserve is also the location of several sites of historical importance such as the 16th-century Kankwadi fort, originally built by Jai Singh II, located near the centre of the park. The Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb briefly imprisoned his brother Dara Shikoh, in the struggle to become king.

An image of the Sariska, Palace within the tiger reserve.

Pandupol in the hills in the centre of the reserve is believed to be one of the retreats of Pandava. The Hanuman temple in Pandupol is a pilgrimage site which causes problems for the wildlife, due to the heavy traffic. The area also has buildings associated with the kings of Alwar such as the Sariska Palace, which was used as a royal hunting lodge of Maharaja.

Tiger Population

In 2004, there were strong and persistent reports that no tigers were being sighted in the reserve. It was not only that tigers were not being seen but also and more alarmingly, there was no indirect evidence of the tigers' presence (such as pugmarks scratch marks on trees, etc.). The Rajasthan Forest Department took the stand that "the tigers had temporarily migrated outside the reserve and would be back after monsoon season". Project Tiger, now National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA), backed this assumption. There were 16 tigers in the previous year. In January 2005, journalist Jay Mazoomdaar broke the news that there were no tigers left in Sariska. Soon the Rajasthan Forest Department and the Project Tiger Director declared an "emergency tiger census" in Sariska and the Central Bureau of Investigation, India's intelligence agency, conducted a probe. After a two-month investigation they finally declared that Sariska did not have any tigers left. Poaching was blamed for the disappearance of tigers. In order to repopulate Sariska with tigers, three tigers were relocated to the reserve and authorities planned to relocate two more tigers by the end of the following year. Recently, two tiger cubs and their mother were spotted in the reserve bringing the total number of tigers to seven with five adults. In July 2014, 2 more tiger cubs were spotted taking the total of tigers in the reserve to 11 with 9 adults. Two cubs were further sighted in August 2014, making the total of tigers in Sariska to 13, with 7 females, 2 males and 4 cubs. This significant increase in tigers' population has given a wide smile to wildlife enthusiasts and therefore the footfall has been increased by a huge amount.

Relocation Efforts

In 2005, the Government of Rajasthan, in cooperation with the Government of India and Wildlife Institute of India (WII), planned the re-introduction of tigers to Sariska and also the relocation of villages. plans to construct a bypass were also discussed. It was decided to import one male and two females from Ranthambore National Park The Wildlife Institute of India (WII) along with the Government of Rajasthan started tracking the relocated tigers with the help of ISRO's reconnaissance satellites. The first aerial translocation of the male tiger (Dara) from Ranthambhore to Sariska was done on 28 June 2008 by Wing Commander Vimal Raj of the Indian Air Force using a Mi-17 Helicopter.

Road to Sariska Palace, Sariska.

Only two of the four villages' experts had said needed to be relocated were actually moved, though the second, Kankwari, was shifted long after the tigers were re-introduced. However, Kankwari fort has been renovated by the state tourism department, which can possibly violate wildlife protection norms. The first relocated village was Bhagani. Also, the diversion of roads crossing the reserve, an issue critical to the survival of its wildlife, continues to be a problem.

Tiger in the Sariska Tiger Reserve

One more tigress was shifted to Sariska from Ranthambhore in February 2009. On 28 July 2010, another tigress was brought from Ranthambhore National Park. Totaling five tigers — two males and three females — were living in the reserve until November 2010 when the first relocated tiger died due to poisoning.

Unfortunately, the first three of the relocated tigers came from one father. Moreover, the first two tigresses have the same mother. The breeding of close relatives leads to inbreeding.

General Information

Water body within the Sariska Reserve, Rajasthan.

Area: 866 km²
Altitude: between 300 m and 722 m MSL
Rainfall: average 650 mm (per year)
Forest types: tropical, dry, deciduous, and tropical thorn

References

^ "Sariska National Park,Sariska Tiger Reserve". Archived from the original on 2007-06-08.
^ "Illegal mining threatens Sariska - Times Of India. The Times of India. 2010-10-13. Retrieved 2011-10-06.
^ Sunday, Nov 14, 2010 at 2349 hrs IST (2010-11-14). "Creatures of a lesser God". Financial Express. Retrieved 2011-10-06.
^ Have you seen a tiger at Sariska since June? If yes, you’re the only one. Indian Express, January 23, 2005.
^ Rajendra Sharma (10-01-2012). "Sariska reserve gets tiger number 7". The Times of India. Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ "Two tiger cubs spotted in Rajasthan’s Sariska Tiger Reserve. IANS. news.biharprabha.com. Retrieved 20 July 2014.
^ "Rajasthan plots return of big cats - Times Of India". Times of india. 2005-09-09. Retrieved 2011-10-06.
^ "Sariska on road to recovery, literally - Times Of India. Times of india. 2006-11-27. Retrieved 2011-10-06.
^ "Sariska to get three tigers - Times Of India". Times of India. 2008-03-07. Retrieved 2011-10-06.
^ Huggler, Justin (2006-01-15). "India turns to spy technology to save tigers". London: The Independent. Retrieved 2011-10-06.
^ *Sharma, Sunayan (2015). Sariska: The Tiger Reserve Roars Again. New Delhi: Niyogi Books. ISBN 9789383098712.
^ http://cs-test.ias.ac.in/cs/Downloads/download_pdf.php?titleid=id_097_10_1399_1400_0.
^ Also by Jay Mazoomdaar. "Now, Who’s Crouching?". OPEN Magazine. Retrieved 2011-10-06.
^ "Sariska Tiger Reserve vetoes road conversion proposal - Times Of India". Times of India. 2008-09-04. Retrieved 2011-10-06.
^ "National : Young tigress at home in Sariska". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 2009-03-06. Retrieved 2011-10-06.
^ Also by Jay Mazoomdaar. "Dispatched to Die". OPEN Magazine. Retrieved 2011-10-06.
^ "Sariska Tiger Was Poisoned: Forensic Report". Outlook (magazine). Retrieved 2011-10-06.
^ Also by Jay Mazoomdaar. "Conservation: the New Killer". OPEN Magazine. Retrieved 2011-10-06.
^ "Proved: Siblings sent to mate in Sariska". Hindustan Times. 2010-06-22. Retrieved 2011-10-06.

RESERVED FORESTS AND PROTECTED FORESTS OF INDIA

A reserved forest tells to save the forest resources in India.

Reserved Forests

As of present, reserved forests and protected forests differ in one important way: Rights to all activities like hunting, grazing, etc. in reserved forests are banned unless specific orders are issued otherwise. In protected areas, rights to activities like hunting and grazing are sometimes given to communities living on the fringes of the forest, who sustain their livelihood partially or wholly from forest resources or products. The first reserve forest in India was Satpura National Park.

Protected Forests

Protected forests are of two kinds - demarcated protected forests and undemarcated protected forests, based on whether the limits of the forest have been specified by a formal notification.

Typically, reserved forests are often upgraded to the status of wildlife sanctuaries, which in turn may be upgraded to the status of national parks, with each category receiving a higher degree of protection and government funding. For example, Sariska National Park was declared a reserved forest in 1955, upgraded to the status of a wildlife sanctuary in 1958, becoming a Tiger Reserve in 1978. Sariska became a national park in 1992, though primary notification to declare it as a national park was issued as early as 1982.

For the entire list, see List of Protected areas in India.

Effects of Tribal Population Growth on Forest Flora and Fauna

Due to faster population growth in forest and tribal areas, naturally available forest resources (NTFP) are becoming inadequate for their basic livelihood. Many tribal people are giving up their traditional livelihoods and taking up farming and cattle ranching in the forest areas causing irreparable damage. Such people, the protectors of forests, are gradually becoming threats to the forests and their wildlife. Governments should devise schemes to avert this harm and save the dwindling forest areas, their flora and fauna. Tribal people have extraordinary understanding of forest flora and fauna which can be productively utilized. All the tribal people should be employed by the government in the expansion and protection of forests and its wildlife until their descendants become better educated and diversify into industrial and service sectors.

References

^ Sariska information sheet, Sanctuary Asia website
^ "Geographical area and its effective utilization". Retrieved 27 March 2013

External Links

“Legislations on Environment, Forests, and Wildlife” from the Official website of: Government of India, Ministry of Environment & Forests
“India’s Forest Conservation Legislation: Acts, Rules, Guidelines”, from the Official website of: Government of India, Ministry of Environment & Forests
Wildlife Legislations, including - “The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act” from the Official website of: Government of India, Ministry of Environment & Forests
Official website of: Government of India, Ministry of Environment & Forests.

- Wikipedia

PROTECTED FOREST

A protected forest is a forest with some amount of legal or constitutional protection, or where the habitat and resident species are legally accorded protection from further depletion.

Protected forests of India were introduced in the Indian Forest Act, 1927 in British India and were retained after Indian independence. The 17% if forests that are not included in the categories of reserved or protected forests, are called unclassified forests.

Cambodia also has protected forests.

- Wikipedia

How Many Eggs Per Day for a Vegetarian Diet?

Total vegetarians or vegan diets eat only plant foods, but lacto-ovo vegetarian and semi-vegetarian diets include eggs and dairy food. Eggs contain protein, as well as certain vitamins and minerals not adequately consumed on a vegetarian diet. Eggs provide important nutrients. Once considered unhealthy because of their high cholesterol content, studies now reveal, for most people, eating up to one egg per day does not contribute to heart disease and stroke, two major risks previously attributed to egg consumption.

How Many Eggs Per Day for a Vegetarian Diet?

Eggs contain beneficial nutrients, but you need to limit your consumption.Photo Credit Eggs and Hashbrowns image by JJAVA from Fotolia.com.

With 210 milligrams of cholesterol, one large egg supplies more than two-thirds of the recommended daily cholesterol limit of 300 milligrams of cholesterol. However, according to a study by Ying Rong et al, published in the January 7, 2013 issue of the "British Medical Journal," eggs provide nutrients that lower the risk for heart disease, such as minerals, proteins and unsaturated fatty acids. In their analysis of studies conducted from January 1966 to June 2012, researchers determined that eating up to one egg a day did not increase the risk of coronary heart disease or stroke in non-diabetics. Diabetics who eat up to one egg per day have an increased risk for heart disease, but a decreased risk of a hemorrhagic stroke. Because of the limited number of studies with diabetics, researchers caution that long-term follow-up of diabetics will confirm the impact of egg consumption on future incidents of stroke. Because you do not eat meats following a vegetarian diet, limit your whole egg consumption to one per day, since you get some additional cholesterol from baked goods and dairy foods.

One large egg provides 72 calories, according to the Egg Nutrition Center. Most of the calories come from fat, a concentrated energy source with 9 calories per gram. Eggs have nearly 5 grams of fat each, totaling 45 calories from fat. Yolks provide fat in an egg, while the white part contains most of the protein. The Institute of Medicine recommends 56 grams of protein per day for adult males ages 19 to 70+, and 46 daily grams of protein for adult females ages 19 to 70+. A whole egg has about 6.28 grams of protein, often lacking in vegetarian diets. With 4 calories per gram, the protein in one egg provides about 25 calories. Lastly, eggs have minimal amounts of carbohydrates, about 0.5 grams each. Carbs also have 4 calories per gram, providing about 2 calories in an egg.

Eggs have abundant levels of B-vitamins, usually limited in a vegetarian diet. You can get some B-vitamins from whole-grain foods and eggs. B-vitamins help red blood cell formation, as well as carbohydrates, protein and fat metabolism, explains the Office of Dietary Supplements. Eggs contain B-vitamins such as thiamine, riboflavin, folate, B-6 and B-12. They also contain 0.88 grams of iron, a mineral often limited in vegetarian diets. Iron helps transport oxygen to cells, tissues and organs. While you can get some iron from plant foods, your body more easily absorbs heme iron from animal foods. Additionally, eggs provide some of the zinc you need for the day. This important mineral, found in dairy foods and meat, boosts your immune system by fighting off invading bacteria.

The egg yolk contains all the cholesterol found in eggs. You can get the protein you need without the cholesterol by eating only the egg white. Primarily from egg whites, egg substitutes do not have all the fat and cholesterol found in whole eggs. Use egg whites or egg substitutes in baking to reduce fat and cholesterol.

www.livestrong.com

Foods Containing Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Vegetarians

Omega-3 essential fatty acids have a variety of health benefits, which according to the University of Maryland Medical Center, include playing a crucial role in brain function and heart health. Although some of the top sources of omega-3 fatty acids are sardines, salmon and tuna, vegetarians who don't eat fish can also enjoy the benefits of omega-3s from plant-based sources. There are different types of omega-3 fatty acids: alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Vegetable sources of omega-3 fatty acids are alpha-linolenic acids, but the body partially converts those to eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid.

Flaxseeds are one of the best sources of omega-3s for vegetarians. Sprinkle flaxseeds in your cereal or on top of a salad to increase your intake of the essential fatty acids. Chia and hemp seeds are other sources of omega-3s. Walnuts are also an omega-3 source that you can eat as a healthy snack. According to an article in the "Canadian Medical Association Journal," cashews, peanuts, Brazil nuts and almonds have trace amounts of omega-3 fatty acids.

Omega-3 fatty acids are found in oils, such as soybean oil, flaxseed oil, canola oil and olive oil. To get more omega-3s into your diet, add a teaspoon of olive oil to your salad or add a teaspoon of flaxseed oil to your morning oatmeal. Use olive oil or canola oil for cooking. Dr. Frank Sacks of the Harvard School of Public Health suggests that as long as the oil is fresh, high heat will not destroy the omega-3 fatty acids.

Leafy greens, such as spinach, are a healthy addition to your diet that are a vegetarian source of omega-3s. Broccoli, winter squash and cauliflower are also vegetable sources of omega-3s that you can add to your healthy diet. Try roasting the vegetables in olive oil for a delicious side dish packed with the healthy fatty acids. Berries are sweet source of omega-3s. Eat a handful of berries -- especially blueberries or cloudberries -- to enjoy a fruit packed full of nutrition.

Eat a variety of other foods that contain omega-3s to help pave the way to your healthy lifestyle. Tofu is a versatile vegetarian protein that also contains omega-3s. It can be added to salads or used as a meat substitute in main and side dishes. Beans -- particularly mung, kidney and pinto beans -- are also a vegetarian source of omega-3s. In addition to food sources, vegetarians can also add omega-3s to their diets through vegetarian omega-3 supplements.

www.livestrong.com

How to Increase Iron Naturally Vs. Vitamins

Low levels of iron in the blood cause a condition known as iron-deficiency anemia, which results in fatigue, irritability and an increased heart rate. If you have anemia, you may need to introduce more iron into your diet. Many people prefer to eat iron-rich foods rather than take iron supplements, because supplements sometimes cause side effects such as constipation and stomach irritation. Increasing your iron levels through your dietary choices requires healthy, iron-rich foods.

How to Increase Iron Naturally Vs. Vitamins

A leafy green salad on a white plate. Photo Credit leonori/iStock/Getty Images

Consult with a doctor regarding your current iron levels. Your doctor will perform blood tests to assess the iron content in your blood, and he will advise you exactly how much iron you need to reach a healthy level. Blood tests will give you a baseline value, and you will be able to measure changes as you alter your diet. You should ask your doctor for guidance regarding your dietary needs for iron-rich foods.

Choose iron-rich meat for your daily meals. Meats such as beef, liver, lamb and pork are all excellent sources of iron. In addition, darker cuts of chicken or turkey and shellfish, including clams, mussels and oysters, all provide iron. Consuming entrees that include a variety of these meats will ensure that you have adequate iron in your daily diet.

Make side dishes and salads with dark, leafy greens. If you only consume meat occasionally or not at all, dark leafy vegetables are key sources of dietary iron. Consume them as a side dish or in a large salad. Iron-rich greens include broccoli, kale, spinach, and collard or turnip greens.

Eat plenty of beans and peas and whole grain foods. Legumes such as pinto beans, black beans, green peas and chickpeas all contain iron and can be used to create a variety of tasty recipes. Whole grain breads, pastas, cereals and rice are also good sources of iron. Include them in simple meals such as sandwiches or pasta salads.

Monitor your iron levels on a regular basis. If you are altering your diet to address an iron deficiency, it is important to have consistent blood tests to assess your iron levels. Your doctor may wish to use an iron supplement if your iron levels are very low and your diet does not result in noticeable improvements.

www.livestrong.com

Is Pectin Vegetarian?

Vegetarians focus on eating a plant-based diet. You can choose from a number of vegetarian diets, one of which, the vegan diet, avoids all animal products, including meat, eggs, milk and cheese. Some vegetarians continue to eat dairy products or eggs. If you follow a vegetarian diet, you’ll need to know which food products fit into a vegetarian eating plan. Some vegetarian foods may seem obvious, such as vegetables, but you will also consider other products, such as pectin.

A bushel of apples is spilling over. Photo Credit MikeRega/iStock/Getty Images

Pectin is a product that derives directly from the cells in plants, so this is considered a vegetarian food. Even though pectin comes from plants, this food product does not provide much in the way of nutrients. Pectin does provide a good source of fiber.

In most instances, manufacturers extract pectin from fruits such as apples and citrus fruits. Citrus fruits may include oranges, grapefruits and lemons.

Pectin is commonly used to thicken jams and jellies, and these products fit into a vegetarian diet. Pectin may also have some medicinal qualities as well. Some purported uses of pectin include preventing certain types of cancer and high cholesterol and as an anti-diarrheal. However, using pectin as a treatment or prevention may come with side effects such as abdominal pain and diarrhea.

If you follow a vegetarian diet, you can consume products that contain pectin. You should not take pectin for a medical condition without first consulting with your doctor to make sure that pectin is the appropriate treatment or method of prevention. Pectin use could interfere with the action of certain medications, such as drugs used to lower your cholesterol levels. Your doctor may not recommend pectin if you take these or other medications.

www.livestrong.com

Everything About Wood

Blog List

Wednesday, 16 March 2016

SARISKA TIGER RESERVE

RESERVED FORESTS AND PROTECTED FORESTS OF INDIA

PROTECTED FOREST

How Many Eggs Per Day for a Vegetarian Diet?

Cholesterol

Calories and Macronutrients

Vitamins and Minerals

Substitutions

Foods Containing Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Vegetarians

Nuts and Seeds

Oils

Vegetables and Fruit

Other Sources

How to Increase Iron Naturally Vs. Vitamins

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

Is Pectin Vegetarian?

Pectin

Sources

Use

Considerations

Advantages and Disadvantages of Fasting for Runners

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