Original Article

Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science

December 2013, Volume 10, Issue 2, pp 110-117

First online: 01 December 2013

Radial variation of wood properties of Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) and Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba)

• Esi Fajriani 
• , Julien Ruelle
• , Jana Dlouha
• , Meriem Fournier
• , Yusuf Sudo Hadi
• , Wayan Darmawan

• 
  

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Abstract

Anatomical parameters and density were measured for each segmented ring to investigate the juvenile and mature pattern of radial variation for each property of 7 years old Sengon (Paraserienthes falcataria) and Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba). Observed patterns were described using three different models: (I) linearly increase or decrease, (II) exponential, (III) linearly equal to intercept. The pattern of radial variation showed in both of species, all properties in vessel elements (vessel frequency and mean vessel area), fiber length and density in Jabon had model II. Lumen diameter, cell wall thickness and density in Jabon had model I and also for fiber diameter of bottom part in both of species, diameter lumen of upper part Sengon and cell wall thickness of bottom part Sengon. Model III had found in fiber diameter of upper part in both species and lumen diameter of bottom part Sengon.

Keywords

Sengon Jabon Juvenile and mature transition Density Vessel elementFiber element

This article was written based on the experimental results conducted at INRA Champenoux, Nancy, France.

References

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Title

Radial variation of wood properties of Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) and Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba)

Journal

Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science
Volume 10, Issue 2 , pp 110-117

Cover Date

2013-12

DOI

10.1007/s13196-013-0101-z

Print ISSN

0972-172X

Online ISSN

0976-8432

Publisher

Springer India

Additional Links

• Register for Journal Updates
• Editorial Board
• About This Journal
• Manuscript Submission

Author Affiliations

• 1. Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
• 2. INRA, Centre de Nancy, UMR 1092 INRA-AgroParisTech ‘LERFoB’, 54280, Champenoux, France

For further details log on website :

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13196-013-0101-z

Article

Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science

December 2011, Volume 8, Issue 2, pp 148-151

First online: 17 March 2012

An identification guide to the wood destroying termites of south India

• Rashmi R. Shanbhag
• , R. Sundararaj

Abstract 

This paper provides a user friendly pictorial guide for the identification of 15 wood destroying termites of south India with distinct characters and routes. The species included in the key are Coptotermes heimi (Wasmann), Heterotermes malabaricus Snyder, Microcerotermes flecheri Holmgren and Holmgren, Microtermes obesiHolmgren, Odontotermes assmuthi Holmgren, O. bellahunisensis Holmgren and Holmgren, O. bhagwatiiChatterjee and Thakur, O. bruneus (Hagen), O. ceylonicus(Wasmann), O. feae (Wasmann), O. horni (Wasmann), O. obesus (Rambur), O. redemanni (Wasmann), O. wallonensis(Wasmann) and Nasutitermes sp.

Keywords

Termite identification South India Rhinotermitidae Termitidae Nasutitermitinae Amitermitinae Macrotermitinae

References 

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2. Engel MS, Krishna K (2004) Family-group names for Termites Isoptera. American Museum Novitates No 3432, p 9
3. Narendran TC (2001) Taxonomic entomology: research and education in India. Curr Sci 81(5):445–447
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7. Su NY, Scheffrahn RH (1990) Economically important termites in the United States and their control. Sociobiology 17:77–94

Title

An identification guide to the wood destroying termites of south India

Journal

Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science
Volume 8, Issue 2 , pp 148-151

Cover Date

2011-12

DOI

10.1007/s13196-012-0028-9

Print ISSN

0972-172X

Online ISSN

0976-8432

Publisher

Springer-Verlag

Additional Links

• Register for Journal Updates
• Editorial Board
• About This Journal
• Manuscript Submission

Author Affiliations

• 1. Wood Biodegradation Division, Institute of Wood Science and Technology, P.O. Malleswaram, Bangalore, 560 003, India

For further details log on website :

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13196-012-0028-9

Weekend Detox Diet Plan

Detox diets are marketed as ways to eliminate toxins that build up in the body and as quick weight-loss plans. The diets normally are organized around some fasting or all-liquid phase, followed by a strictly limited choice of foods. You may eat fresh fruits, vegetables, broths or teas on a weekend detox. Some detox plans recommend digestive system cleansing, special herbs, herbal teas or recipes for fiery lemonades, protein drinks and raw juice combinations.

A man cutting a lemon on a cutting board. Photo Credit NatashaPhoto/iStock/Getty Images.

Master Cleanse “Lemonade” Diet

The Master Cleanse Diet has been around since the 1940s and surges in popularity each time a celebrity uses it to drop a few pounds for a movie role. The diet isn’t a weight loss plan. It is meant to detoxify the system with a few days of subsisting on a drink made of spring water, lemon juice, maple syrup and cayenne pepper. A side effect of the no-fiber food plan may be constipation, so a laxative tea is recommended while following the diet. Over a weekend, the diet may cause you to lose weight; however, because the weight loss is mostly water, the scale will inch back you when you resume eating. No scientific evidence exists that the Master Cleanse Diet flushes away toxins or improves health, according to Dr. Roger Clemens of the University of Southern California School of Pharmacy.

Fruit Flush Diet

The Fruit Flush Diet is designed to remove toxins and boost liver function and energy levels. A clinical nutritionist created the diet, limiting intake to protein drinks, fruit and raw vegetable salads. A modest amount of lean animal protein is permitted. The diet does allow healthy fats from avocado and olive oil, which should be fine for most healthy people to follow for the limited duration of one weekend. All the food is nutritious and could jump-start some good eating habits. The large amount of fruit, however, may mean this diet isn’t a good choice if you have hypoglycemia or diabetes. Once again, much of the weight loss is likely to be water.

Science vs. Anecdote

The human body is designed to remove toxins without direct intervention. People do begin to feel lighter and many claim to have more energy on a detox diet, but the Mayo Clinic notes there is little scientific evidence that a detox eliminates toxins. However, a weekend of light food intake, consisting mostly of healthy raw vegetables and fruits, is a nutritional plus for people who have been eating fast food, junk food and unbalanced diets. A gentle, nutritionally-balanced weekend detox may be good for you but don’t regard it as a serious weight loss plan or a substitute for year-round healthy eating.

Side Effects

Detox diets, even for the limited span of a weekend, can lead to nausea, dizziness, fatigue and dehydration. You should always consult with your health care provider before attempting a detox. The effort could actually exacerbate an underlying medical condition and lead to worse health, not better. The smart choice might be a moderate weekend diet change, then a permanent shift to a healthy diet that encourages the body to eliminate toxins as it was designed to do.

www.livestrong.com

Weight-Loss Lunch Ideas

Finding something for lunch that's quick and easy, but also filling and conducive to losing weight can be a challenge. The ideal weight-loss lunch should include nutrient-dense foods relatively low in calories and easy to prepare in advance. If you're taking a lunch break at work, also look for something that will keep you going until dinner.

Try different, lower-calorie versions of your favorite sandwich. Photo Credit gkrphoto/iStock/Getty Images.

Lunchtime Rules

The main rule for a healthy weight loss lunch is that whatever you have fits in with your calorie intake for the day. Include protein, vegetables and whole grains or beans in your lunch to ensure you're feeling full and energized all afternoon. Avoid high-sugar items to prevent energy crashes.

Simple, Super Salads

Making the switch from starchy sandwiches and bags of chips to fresh salads is an easy way to cut calories. By making vegetables the main player at lunchtime, you boost the nutritional value of your lunch and get plenty of fiber, helping you feel full, notes Brierley Wright, dietitian and editor of the Eating Well website. Aim to use four or five different types of vegetables or salad items of varying colors. Lettuce, spinach, cabbage, radishes, carrot, scallions, beets, cucumber, carrot and mushrooms are all good choices. Add some form of protein, such as cottage cheese, meat or fish and then dress with a low-calorie vinaigrette dressing.

Substitute Sandwiches

Sandwiches and bagels can be very unhealthy, particularly if you choose calorie-dense fillings like cheese or tuna with mayo. Switch your sandwich to a light wrap or pita bread instead, then add low-calorie fillings. Colleen Moody of the ''Fitness'' magazine website suggests a whole-wheat tortilla filled with red pepper hummus, low-sodium turkey and slices of avocado and pickle, or a spinach tortilla with cheese slices, deli meat, tomatoes and spinach.

The Best Bento

A bento box is a Japanese-style packed lunch. The box is divided into sections and each is filled with a different ingredient, giving you a variety of food. Eating Well recommends an egg salad bento box, with egg salad made with low-fat mayo in one quarter, raw vegetables in another, a few small slices of pumpernickel bread and some pistachios in the third and banana slices with blueberries and yogurt in the fourth. Use your imagination when making your boxes, but always include one serving of lean protein and at least one serving of vegetables.

www.livestrong.com

Can Cinnamon Improve Blood Sugar Control?

You may have heard that cinnamon has the potential to lower blood sugar. And with type 2 diabetes on the rise as of 2011, it might be useful to know how much cinnamon you need to lower your blood glucose.

A plate with cinnamon sticks. Photo Credit YelenaYemchuk/iStock/Getty Images.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that 24 million people have type 2 diabetes and it is the seventh leading cause of death. Lifestyle interventions are needed to lower incidence and mortality from type 2 diabetes. All avenues of treatment and prevention need to be explored.

Cinnamon Lowers Blood Sugar

Cinnamon and cinnamon extract could be used as a complementary and alternative medicine to prevent diabetes and in diabetes management. A meta-analysis of eight randomized place-controlled clinical trials in the “Journal of Medicinal Food” found that cinnamon and cinnamon abstract lowered fasting blood glucose. Blood sugar dropped on average by about one-half a point, and decreases ranged from about one-third to three-quarters of a point.

Two Grams of Cinnamon

A clinical trial with 58 people with type 2 diabetes involved the administration of 2g of cinnamon over 12 weeks. Patients who took cinnamon along with their prescribed medication had significantly lower average blood glucose levels at the end of 12 weeks compared to patients who took only their prescribed medication. Average blood glucose dropped from about 189 to 180 mg per deciliter of blood with the addition of 2g of cinnamon.

Three Grams of Cinnamon

Healthy individuals may benefit from cinnamon supplementation. Three grams of cinnamon given daily over a two-week period improved the body’s response to the blood sugar-lowering hormone insulin. Effects of cinnamon on controlling glucose were seen on the same day.

More Research is Needed

Per research, 2 to 3g of cinnamon per day can significantly improve fasting blood glucose and the body’s response to insulin. Improvements, however, are not long term and stop as soon as cinnamon supplementation is stopped. There is limited research on cinnamon and the mechanism by which it helps lower blood sugar. Before cinnamon supplementation is recommended by health care professionals, more clinical trials are needed. Do not begin taking cinnamon supplements unless you are advised by your doctor. Conventional medicine, diet and exercise is still the best treatment for controlling blood sugar.

www.livestrong.com

Termite and borer resistance of oil palm wood treated with phenol formaldehyde resin

Termite and borer resistance of oil palm wood treated with phenol formaldehyde resin

Che Ku Abdullah Che Ku Alam, Mohammad Jawaid, Abdul Khalil Shawkataly, Nurul Fazita Mohd Rawi

Abstract

The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effectiveness of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin in protecting oil palm wood (OPW) against termites (Coptotermes gestroi) and wood borer (Minthea rugicollis). The impregnated oil palm woods (IOPW) were prepared from a combination of dried oil palm wood with phenol formaldehyde in different impregnation pressure (4, 6 and 8 bar) in 30 minutes. The results show that treatment of OPW with PF resin has significantly enhanced the resistance of IOPW against both termites and wood borer. In the termites and wood borer resistance test, the IOPW showed higher resistance against termite and wood borer compared to dried OPW and rubberwood. The PF resin treatment was able to enhance the resistance towards termites by 59 - 88% and wood borer by 88 - 93%. The study has shown that PF resin can be used to preserve OPW from termites and wood borer decaying activity.

References

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Abdul Khalil H. P. S., Siti Alwani M., Ridzuan R., Kamarudin H. & Khairul A. (2008) Chemical Composition, Morphological Characteristics, and Cell Wall Structure of Malaysian Oil Palm Fibers. Polym-Plast Techno,1(47), 273-280.

Ahmad, N., Kasim, J., Mahmud, S. Z., Yamani, S. A. K., Mokhtar, A., & Yunus, N. Y. M. (2011). Manufacture and properties of oil palm particleboard. Paper presented at the Sustainable Energy & Environment (ISESEE), 3rd International Symposium & Exhibition, Melaka, Malaysia.

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Bakar, E.S., Massijaya, M.Y., Tobing, L.L., & Makmur, A. (1999). Utilization of Oil- Palm Trees As Building And Furniture Materials (III): Treatability Of Oil Palm Wood With Basilit-CFK And Impralit-B1. Indonesian Journal of Forest Products and Technology, 11(2), 13-20.

Basiron, Y., & Chan, K.W. (2006). Oil palm: the agricultural producer of food, fiber and fuel for global economy. Oil Palm Ind Econ J, 8(1), 1-17.

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Corley R. H. V. & Gray B. S. (1976). Growth and Morphology: Development in Crop Science (1), Oil Palm Research. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

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Meincke, O., Kaempfer, D., Weickmann, H., Friedrich, C., Vathauer, M., & Warth, H. (2004). Mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of carbon-nanotube filled polyamide-6 and its blends with acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene. Polymer, 45(3), 739-748.

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For further details log on website:

http://www.hgpub.com/ojs2/index.php/jirt/article/view/153