Effect of influent COD/SO42− ratios on biodegradation behaviors of starch wastewater in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor

Published Date
August 2016, Vol.214:175–183, doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.100

Title 
Effect of influent COD/SO₄²⁻ ratios on biodegradation behaviors of starch wastewater in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor

• Author 

• Xueqin Lu ^a
• Guangyin Zhen ^b
• Jialing Ni ^a
• Toshimasa Hojo ^a
• Kengo Kubota ^a
• Yu-You Li ^a,c,,

• aDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
• bNational Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0053, Japan
• cGraduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan

Received 9 March 2016. Revised 10 April 2016. Accepted 20 April 2016. Available online 22 April 2016.

Highlights

• •
  Sulfidogenesis was essential to the UASB operation and process stability.
• •
  Reactor showed the high stability at COD/SO₄²⁻ ratios ⩾2 with efficient removal of COD and sulfate.
• •
  Sulfidogenesis promoted propionate degradation and acetoclastic methanogenesis.
• •
  Excessive sulfidogenesis suppressed methanogenesis, deteriorating bioenergy conversion.

Abstract

A lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) has been run for 250 days to investigate the influence of influent COD/SO₄²⁻ ratios on the biodegradation behavior of starch wastewater and process performance. Stepwise decreasing COD/SO₄²⁻ratio enhanced sulfidogenesis, complicating starch degradation routes and improving process stability. The reactor exhibited satisfactory performance at a wide COD/SO₄²⁻ range ⩾2, attaining stable biogas production of 1.15–1.17 L L⁻¹ d⁻¹ with efficient simultaneous removal of total COD (73.5–80.3%) and sulfate (82.6 ± 6.4%). Adding sulfate favored sulfidogenesis process and diversified microbial community, invoking hydrolysis–acidification of starch and propionate degradation and subsequent acetoclastic methanogenesis; whereas excessively enhanced sulfidogenesis (COD/SO₄²⁻ ratios <2) would suppress methanogenesis through electrons competition and sulfide inhibition, deteriorating methane conversion. This research in-depth elucidated the role of sulfidogenesis in bioenergy recovery and sulfate removal, advancing the applications of UASB technology in water industry from basic science.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

• Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB)
• Starch
• Sulfate reduction
• Methane
• Energy conversion

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Fig. 6.

• DOC (2.4M)

Supplementary data

• ⁎ 
  Corresponding author at: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Japan.

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Coaggregation of mineral filler particles and starch granules as a basis for improving filler-fiber interaction in paper production

Published Date
20 September 2016, Vol.149:20–27, doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.04.082

Title 
Coaggregation of mineral filler particles and starch granules as a basis for improving filler-fiber interaction in paper production

• Author 

• Ting Li ^a,1
• Jun Fan ^a,1
• Wensen Chen ^a
• Jiayan Shu ^a
• Xueren Qian ^a
• Haifeng Wei ^c
• Qingwen Wang ^a,b
• Jing Shen ^a,,

• aKey Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
• bCollege of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
• cJiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China

Received 24 February 2016. Revised 14 April 2016. Accepted 20 April 2016. Available online 22 April 2016.

Highlights

• •
  A concept for improving filler-fiber interactions is presented.
• •
  The concept involves the formation of starch-mineral hybrids by coaggregation.
• •
  Preaggregation resulted in enhanced filler bondability with cellulosic fibers.

Abstract

The sustainable, efficient use of renewable bio-based additives in the production of various materials fits well into the concept of sustainability. Here, the concept of coaggregation of mineral filler particles and starch granules for improving filler-fiber interaction in paper-based cellulosic networks is presented. Coaggregation of precipitated calcium carbonate filler particles and uncooked, unmodified corn starch granules by cationic polyacrylamide (a cationic high molecular weight polymer flocculant) in combination with bentonite (an anionic microparticle) prior to addition to cellulosic fiber slurry delivered enhanced filler bondability with cellulosic fibers. For instance, under the conditions studied, preaggregation resulted in an increase in filler bondability factor from 9.24 to 15.21 at starch dosage of 1% (on the basis of the dry weight of papermaking stock). The swelling and gelatinization of the starch granules in starch-filler preaggregates or hybrids enabled the “bridging” of the gaps in cellulosic networks, leading to structural consolidation and strength enhancement.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

• Coaggregation
• Starch granules
• Mineral filler particles
• Paper-based cellulosic networks
• Strength enhancement
• Bondability

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Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

• PPTX (5.8M)

• ⁎ 
  Corresponding author.

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Published Date

June 1991, Volume 22, Issue 6, pp 365-370

First online: 

A study of cornstarch granule digestion by an unusually high molecular weightα-amylase secreted byLactobacillus amylovorus

• Syed H. Imam
• , Anthony Burgess-Cassler
• , Gregory L. Cote
• , Sherald H. Gordon
• , Frederick L. Baker

Abstract

The cells ofLactobacillus amylovorus (NRRL B-4540), grown in a medium containing 2% cornstarch as the sole carbon source, secreted an amylase activity that rapidly solubilized cornstarch. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analyses showed that 80–90% of starch was consumed by bacteria in a 10-day-old culture medium. The remnant of starch granules digested in the culture medium inoculated with the cells ofL. amylovorushave also lost their characteristic iodine-binding capacity as visualized by starch dye-binding microplate assay and light microscopy. Scanning electron miscroscopy (SEM) of granules from a 48-h culture medium showed hollow and fragmented granules with a pitting phenomenon characteristically produced byα-amylase activity. Analysis of an enzyme preparation from a culture medium ofL. amylovorus revealed that the putative enzyme appears to be a single protein band of unusually high Mr (150,000) on SDS gels stained for amylase activity. Analysis of starch digestion products by thin layer chromatography (TLC) showed enzyme activity typical ofα-amylase.

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