Determination of the equivalent emission parameters of wood-based furniture by applying C-history method

Published Date

October 2011, Vol.45(31):5602–5611, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.04.033

Title 

Determination of the equivalent emission parameters of wood-based furniture by applying C-history method

• Author 

• Yuan Yao ^a
• Jianyin Xiong ^b
• Weiwei Liu ^a
• Jinhan Mo ^a
• Yinping Zhang ^a,,

• aDepartment of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
• bSchool of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

Received 21 January 2011. Revised 13 April 2011. Accepted 15 April 2011. Available online 1 May 2011.

Abstract

VOC pollution in indoor air has become a serious problem in urban areas of China. Building materials and furniture used indoors are the main sources of such pollution. How to determine the VOC emission characteristics of furniture rapidly and conveniently is an important but difficult problem. In this paper, we extend the C-history method for determining the VOC emission characteristic parameters (i.e., the initial emittable VOC concentration, C₀, the partition coefficient, K, and the diffusion coefficient, D) of homogeneous building materials developed by Xiong et al. (2011a)to measure the parameters of VOC emissions from wood-based furniture in a 30 m³full-scale chamber. The conditions under which there are three equivalent parameters, C_0,equ, K_equ and D_equ for multi-layer board and wood-based furniture is analyzed and presented. A series of tests were performed to determine the three parameters of some commonly used wood-based furniture in China. A run of independent ventilated chamber experiments were carried out to validate the method. The results show that: (1) The agreement of the formaldehyde and six VOCs concentrations between the ventilated experiment and the simulated results based on the determined parameters is very good; (2) The method could be used in testing multi-layer board and wood-based furniture. The testing time is usually less than 3 days as compared with the furniture testing method typically performed under ventilated chamber conditions and take 5,7,14 or 28 days. The possibilities and limitations of applying the method to the existing furniture labeling schemes are discussed.

Highlights

► Conditions under which there are equivalent parameters for wood-based furniture. ► Applying C-history method in wood-based furniture testing. ► Independent validation method was used during the test. ► Formaldehyde and other six VOCs were selected as targets. ► Reducing the typical testing time to within 3 days.

Keywords

• Volatile organic compounds (VOC)
• Indoor air quality (IAQ)
• Wood-based furniture
• Emission
• C-history method

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• ∗ 
  Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 10 6277 2518; fax: +86 10 6277 3461.

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An in-depth case study on the role of industrial design in a business-to-business company

Published Date

October–December 2013, Vol.30(4):363–383, doi:10.1016/j.jengtecman.2013.08.002

Title 

An in-depth case study on the role of industrial design in a business-to-business company

• Author 

• Ana Valencia ^a,,
• Oscar Person ^a,d
• Dirk Snelders ^b,c

• aDelft University of Technology, Department of Product Innovation Management, Landbergstraat 15, 2628CE Delft, The Netherlands
• bEindhoven University of Technology, Department of Industrial Design, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
• cAalto University, School of Business, International Design Business Management Program, Lapuankatu 6, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
• dAalto University, Department of Design, PO Box 31000, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland

Available online 28 September 2013.

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate how managers perceive the roles of industrial design, based on their experiences with designers in two product development projects in a business-to-business environment. The study demonstrates that designers can make contributions that surpass the design of physical products, and that influence the effective implementation of product development processes. Our findings extend the limited literature on the role of industrial design in industrial markets, and are of value for managers looking to strengthen their product development processes.

JEL classification

• L23
• M11

Keywords

• Industrial design
• Management
• New product development
• Business-to-business

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• ⁎ 
  Corresponding author. Tel.: +31 1527 87392; fax: +31 1527 87662.

For further details log on website :
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092347481300043X

Design education: A case study of furniture and decoration education

Published Date

2009, Vol.1(1):2348–2353, doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.411

World Conference on Educational Sciences: New Trends and Issues in Educational Sciences

Open Access, Creative Commons license

Title 

Design education: A case study of furniture and decoration education ☆

• Author 

• Nihat Döngel ^,
• Hamza Çınar
• Cevdet Söğütlü

• Department of Furniture and Decoration Education, Gazi University, 06500 ANKARA, Turkey

Available online 18 March 2009.

Abstract

In this study, Computer Aided Design (CAD) education in the department of Furniture and Design, Technical Education Faculty, Gazi University, raises workforce for furniture industry and interior design sector, was investigated. A research questionnaire was developed and carried out with the students in accordance with the determination of problems, influence of education, teaching program and a comparative study of furniture design to classical drawing and CAD. As a result, the significant problem (96%) was found as the lack and insufficiency of CAD lectures in the teaching program. According to the study, CAD process is much more effective as the process as a whole is taken into consideration. It has been determined that new lectures are needed for the education of the visual presentation since 15 hours is not sufficient. In reference to these results; there shall be a new approach to the CAD education of the department as a whole, where weekly lecture hours instead of diversity of the lectures shall be increased, since the process takes a long time; and the problems rising from lack of instructors shall be prioritised in the strategically planning.

References

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   • Bruce, M., Cooper, R., and Vazquez, D., (1999). Effective Design Management for Small Business, Design Studies, Vol 20, No 2, The UK.
3. • Buchanan and Margolin, 1995
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4. • Çınar, 1997
   • Çınar, H., (1997). An Investigation into Kitchen Layouts, Units and Dimensions in Relation to Wheelchair Users, Master Dissertation, London GuildHall University, London.
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   • Çınar, H., (2001). The Role of Government Departments and Agencies in Design Management with specific Reference to Turkey, PhD Thesis, the Manchester Metropolitan University, The United Kingdom.
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    • Klein, B., (1976). Design Matters, Martin Secker and Warburg Ltd, London.
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    • Marzano, S., (1993). Chocolate for Breakfast, In: Myerson, J., (ed.) 1993: Design Renaissance, Selected Papers from the International Design Congress, Glasgow, p.13-16.
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    • Myerson, J., (1997). The Importance of Furniture in Office Design, Design Week, pp. 10-12, 28 November.
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    • Rawlings, B. (1991). Quantitive and Qualitative Data Analysis Methods. The Insitute of Advanced Studies. Manchester Polytechnics. Manchester. p.21-25.
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• ☆
  World Conference on Educational Sciences 2009.

• ⁎ 
  Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 312 202 8834; fax: +90 312 212 0059.
  
  

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Study of Dynamic Young's Modulus and Dimensional Stability of Polyvinyl Alcohol Modified Batai Tropical Wood

Author

M. R. Rahman, M. S. Islam, S. Hamdan, I. Jusoh, N. F. Ibrahim

Abstract

Batai tropical wood (paraserianthes moluccana) was impregnated with three levels of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) solutions (25%, 50% and 75%) and the dynamic Young’s modulus, water absorption and dimensional stability of the manufactured wood polymer composites (WPC) were assessed. The modified wood polymer composites (WPC) were characterized by microstructural analysis (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy) and free-free vibration testing. The dynamic Young’s modulus (E_d) was calculated using the free-free flexural vibration method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the absorption bands of raw wood to be 1627 cm^-1 due to carbonyl stretching and WPC show increased absorption band near 1733 cm^-1. WPC of 75% PVA solution exhibited improved dimensional stability and lower water absorption. The manufactured WPC yielded a higher Young’s modulus compared with the raw one.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v2i2.2729


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http://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JSR/article/view/2729