Process for production of high density/high performance binderless boards from whole coconut husk Part 1: Lignin as intrinsic thermosetting binder resin

Published Date
May 2004, Vol.19(3):207–216, doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.10.003

Author

Jan E.G van Dam ^a,,

Martien J.A van den Oever ^a

Wouter Teunissen ^a

Edwin R.P Keijsers ^a

Aurora G Peralta ^b

• aAgrotechnological & Food Innovations (A&F bv), PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
• bFiber Processing and Utilisation Laboratory, Fiber Industrial Development Authority (FIDA), Bai Compound, Visayas Avenue Diliman, Quezon City Manila, Philippines

Received 24 January 2003. Accepted 8 October 2003. Available online 13 December 2003

Abstract

Coconuts are abundantly growing in coastal areas of tropical countries. The coconut husk is available in large quantities as residue from coconut production in many areas, which is yielding the coarse coir fibre. The husk comprises ca. 30 wt.% coir fibres and 70 wt.% pith. Both fibre and pith are extremely high in lignin and phenolic content. The lignin is typically for monocotyledonous plants rich in syringyl with appreciable amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl units. The coir fibre is composed for at least one third of Klason lignin while lower molecular weight phenolics can be found as extractives in considerable amounts, especially in younger nuts. The thermal behaviour of the original (chemically unmodified) lignin in the plant tissues at temperatures above 140 °C, where it melts and shows thermosetting properties, has been investigated. This property of the coconut husk lignin was explored for application as intrinsic resin in board production, utilising whole fresh husks. Based on this concept, a simple and efficient technology has been developed to produce high strength–high density panels, without addition of chemical binders. Technical details will be reported in following papers.

Keywords

Coconut husk

Coir fibre

Pith

Lignin

Thermal properties

TGA

DSC

Thermosetting

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• * 
  Corresponding author.

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Development of coconut coir-based lightweight cement board

Published Date
February 2007, Vol.21(2):277–288, doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.08.028

Author 

C. Asasutjarit ^a

J. Hirunlabh ^a,,

J. Khedari ^d

S. Charoenvai ^a

B. Zeghmati ^b

U. Cheul Shin ^c

• aBuilding Scientific Research Center (BSRC), King Mongkut’s University of Technology, Thonburi, Thailand
• bCentre d’Etudes Fondamentales, Groupe de Mécanique, Acoustique et Instrumentation, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan cedex, France
• cBELab, Architectural Engineering, Daejeon University, Yongun-dong, Dong-ku, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
• dSouth-East Asia University, Bangkok, Thailand

Received 23 February 2005. Revised 20 August 2005. Accepted 26 August 2005. Available online 18 October 2005.

Abstract

This paper presents investigation conducted in Thailand on the development of coconut coir-based lightweight cement boards (CCB). These boards were made from coconut coir, cement and water. They are intended to be used as building components for energy conservation. The investigations focused on parameters, mainly, fiber length, coir pretreatment and mixture ratio that affect the properties of boards. The physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the specimens were determined after 28 days of hydration. Results of this study indicated that the best pretreatment of coir fibers was to boil and wash them as it can enhance some of the mechanical properties of coir fiber. The optimum fiber length was 1–6 cm fraction, and optimum (cement:fiber:water) mixture ratio by weight was 2:1:2. The produced CCBs satisfied most recommended mechanical standards.

In addition, investigation on thermal property of specimens revealed that coconut coir-based lightweight cement board has lower thermal conductivity than commercial flake board composite. That is an important feature to promote the use of CCB’s as energy saving material in buildings.

Keywords

Internal bond

Modulus of rupture (MOR)

Modulus of elasticity (MOE)

Thermal conductivity

Water absorption

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Cellulose nanowhiskers from coconut husk fibers: Effect of preparation conditions on their thermal and morphological behavior

Published Date
23 May 2010, Vol.81(1):83–92, doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.01.059

Author

M.F. Rosa ^a,b

E.S. Medeiros ^b,c

J.A. Malmonge ^d

K.S. Gregorski ^b

D.F. Wood ^b

L.H.C. Mattoso ^c

G. Glenn ^b

W.J. Orts ^b

S.H. Imam ^b,,,

• aEmbrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Rua Dra Sara Mesquita, 2270, 60511-110 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
• bBioproduct Chemistry & Engineering Research Unit, WRRC, ARS-USDA, Albany, CA 94710, USA
• cEmbrapa Instrumentação Agropecuária, Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia para o Agronegócio, CP 741, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
• dUNESP – São Paulo State University, Campus de Ilha Solteira, 15385-000 Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil

Received 23 November 2009. Revised 27 January 2010. Accepted 28 January 2010. Available online 10 February 2010.

Abstract

Cellulose nanowhiskers were prepared by sulfuric acid hydrolysis from coconut husk fibers which had previously been submitted to a delignification process. The effects of preparation conditions on the thermal and morphological behavior of the nanocrystals were investigated. Cellulose nanowhisker suspensions were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction. Results showed that it was possible to obtain ultrathin cellulose nanowhiskers with diameters as low as 5 nm and aspect ratio of up to 60. A possible correlation between preparation conditions and particle size was not observed. Higher residual lignin content was found to increase thermal stability indicating that by controlling reaction conditions one can tailor the thermal properties of the nanowhiskers.

Keywords

Nanowhiskers

Cellulose nanocrystals

Coconut husk fiber

Nanofiber

Thermal behavior

Morphology

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• ⁎ 
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