Within and between-tree variation of wood density components in Pinus sylvestris at five sites in Portugal

Published Date
Original

First Online: 

17 November 2016

DOI: 10.1007/s00107-016-1130-2

Cite this article as: 

Fernandes, C., Gaspar, M.J., Pires, J. et al. Eur. J. Wood Prod. (2016). doi:10.1007/s00107-016-1130-2

Author

• C. Fernandes
• M. J. Gaspar
• J. Pires
• M. E. Silva
• A. Carvalho
• J. L. Brito
• J. L. LousadaEmail author

Abstract

Pinus sylvestris is widely distributed in Europe and Asia, and Portugal constitutes its westernmost limit. The reduction of the Portuguese forest area of resinous species has provoked strong constraints on wood industries supply. Therefore, an increase in Scots pine area might be important, namely by reforestations of higher altitude areas, where Pinus pinaster has great difficulties to vegetate and where the risk of pinewood nematode attack is smaller. However, large gaps remain in the knowledge of Pinus sylvestris wood characteristics growing in Portugal. To address this question, the radial wood density and growth were evaluated by X-ray microdensitometric technique, sampling 100 adult trees from five representative sites of P. sylvestris distribution area in Portugal. The results revealed that Portuguese Pinus sylvestris shows good radial growth and denser wood than those found in northern European regions. Among the Portuguese stands, sites at a lower altitude (Gerês and Marão) exhibited denser wood. Regarding density components, it was verified that the differences among sites were more significant in latewood, while the differences between trees/sites were most expressive in earlywood. These facts induce a higher genetic control in earlywood characteristics and a greater dependence of latewood components on environmental and climatic effects. Regarding growth components, Trees and Rings effects were more noticeable than Site effect. Concerning radial patterns, Portuguese Pinus sylvestris shows a downward trend in the first years after the pith, followed by an increase in latter rings for the density traits, while the radial variation of ring width is expressed by a tendency of decrease from the pith to the cambium. Compared to other European regions, Portuguese Pinus sylvestris reveals good wood quality features, namely higher density and ring width values. However, compared to Portuguese Pinus pinaster it shows a relatively lower density and identical or relatively lower radial growth. Scots pine could be a good solution for future reforestations of Portuguese mountainous areas, less favorable to other species.

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Anatomical characteristics and physical–mechanical properties of Neosinocalamus affinis from Southwest China

Published Date
Brief Original

First Online: 

17 November 2016

DOI: 10.1007/s00107-016-1133-z

Cite this article as: 

Xie, J., Qi, J., Hu, T. et al. Eur. J. Wood Prod. (2016). doi:10.1007/s00107-016-1133-z

Author

• Jiulong Xie
• Jinqiu QiEmail author
• Tingxing Hu
• Hui Xiao
• Yuzhu Chen
• Cornelis F. De Hoop
• Xingyan Huang

Abstract

The anatomical characteristics and physical–mechanical properties of Neosinocalamus affinis culms from three locations in China were investigated. The fiber percentage, length, wall thickness, basic density, and mechanical properties all increased with culm height, while the fiber lumen diameter and volume shrinkage showed an inverse trend. The site had significant influence on the fiber percentage and physical–mechanical properties, while the influence on vascular bundle density and fiber morphology was not significant. Therefore, the influences of site on bamboo properties may be taken into consideration for constructional utilization, and those for pulping may be ignored.

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Improving characteristics of melamine–urea–formaldehyde resin by addition of blocked polyurethane prepolymer

Published Date
Original

First Online: 

18 November 2016

DOI: 10.1007/s00107-016-1132-0

Cite this article as: 

Jiang, J. & Lu, X. Eur. J. Wood Prod. (2016). doi:10.1007/s00107-016-1132-0

Author

• Jun JiangEmail author
• Xiaoning Lu

Abstract

In this paper, the effect of blocked polyurethane prepolymer (BPUP) with four R values (the ratio of –NCO to –OH) and different blending proportions on the characteristics of melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF) resin were first investigated. The properties of the modified adhesive systems were examined by dynamic wettability and shear strength. The results indicated that the bonding performance and the wettability of high R value blending modification were superior to that of low R value case. In addition, the optimal bonding performance came from the MUF resin modified by 15% BPUP (R = 5) addition. Besides, the K value on wood substrates with different moisture contents (MC) was calculated by wetting model to interpret the wetting kinetics. The polymer blending adhesive has a potential capacity for making wood-based panels from high-moisture raw materials.

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Evaluating vacuum and steam process on hardwood veneer logs for export

Published Date
Original

First Online: 

22 November 2016

DOI: 10.1007/s00107-016-1138-7

Cite this article as: 

Chen, Z., White, M.S. & Mack, R. Eur. J. Wood Prod. (2016). doi:10.1007/s00107-016-1138-7

Author

• gjing ChenEmail author
• Marshall S. White
• Ron Mack

Abstract

There is an immediate need to develop and adopt new treatment technologies for eliminating insect pest and tree pathogens from veneer logs moved in trade. This is largely due to the current phase-out of methyl bromide and the uncertainty associated with the efficacy of potential alternatives. Vacuum and steam in combination has a proven and reliable record for commercially sanitizing a variety of commodities, including cotton, spices and textiles among others. This study was designed to evaluate basic parameters of vacuum and steam application on five high value hardwood veneer log species in an effort to ascertain the feasibility of continued treatment development. Relative heating rates to log center, damage and value loss assessment due to treatment, and overall energy used during treatment were recorded for logs treated individually in a flexible polymer chamber. At 200 mm Hg vacuum, time to reach 56 °C for 30 min to core ranged from 17 to 29 h, depending on density and log diameter. End checking varied by species, but veneer sawn from logs was largely unaffected in terms of yield and value. Energy used during treatments ranged from 54 to 205 kWh for individual logs. Results suggest that vacuum and steam as a phytosanitary treatment for hardwood veneer logs has potential and should be explored further.

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Market potentials for timber-concrete composites in Germany’s building construction sector

Published Date
Original

First Online: 

23 November 2016

DOI: 10.1007/s00107-016-1136-9

Cite this article as: 

Knauf, M. Eur. J. Wood Prod. (2016). doi:10.1007/s00107-016-1136-9

Author

• Marcus KnaufEmail author

Abstract

This article presents an explorative study analyzing the market potential for timber-concrete composites (TCC) in the German construction industry. Data from official statistics on building activity in Germany for 2014 and the period from 2010 to 2014 were evaluated in the analysis, and interviews with expert architects and planners were conducted. The goal of the study is to explore the market opportunities of TCC. The experts who were questioned consider TCC as the key to opening the market for types of buildings in which timber construction has had limited application until now (multi-family houses and residential-like/multi-story non-residential buildings). Possible market potentials are calculated with the aid of a scenario which can also be adapted in the context of individual scenarios based on the given data. The study makes it clear that TCC is not only to be evaluated technologically (R + D, standards etc.); market development depends at least as much on soft (social) factors. In part, this concerns the identity of timber construction itself, which must deconstruct the mindsets that have formed over decades in the wood-based sector and are communicated in marketing. At the same time, a co-operation between concrete and timber constructors becomes necessary, which experts call a “clash of cultures.”

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