A medicinal ginger, Boesenbergia rotunda: From cell suspension cultures to protoplast derived callus

 Sains Malaysiana, Volume 45, Issue 5, 2016, pp. 795-802

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A medicinal ginger, Boesenbergia rotunda: From cell suspension cultures to protoplast derived callus

 Khalid N. * 1 ,2, Tan H.-C. 1, Wong S.-M. 1, Tan B.-C. 2

Abstract : Boesenbergia rotunda is a medicinal ginger that has been found to contain several bioactive compounds such as boesenbergin A, panduratin A, cardamonin, pinostrobin and pinocembrin. These compounds are useful in treating various ailments, such as oral diseases, inflammation and have also been used as an aphrodisiac. In this study, an efficient protocol for developing and isolating protoplast cultures for B. rotunda has been established. Rhizome buds of B. rotunda were used as explants to initiate callus growth and the established cell suspension cultures were used to optimize their growth conditions. Our results indicated that embryogenic suspension cultures in liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3% (w/v) sucrose produced the highest growth rate (μ = 0.1125), whereas no promotive effect was seen in the presence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and those that underwent sonication treatment. Amount of protoplasts isolated ranging from 1-5 x 10 protoplast per mL were isolated using 0.25% (w/v) macerozyme and 1% (w/v) cellulase for 24 h under continuous agitation (50 rpm) in dark condition. Of the isolated protoplasts, 54.93% were viable according to fluorescein diacetate staining test. Micro-colonies were recovered in liquid MS medium containing 9 g/L mannitol, 2 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.5 mg/L benzylaminopurine (BAP) for 4 weeks and subsequently transferred to solid MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BAP for callus initiation. The protoplast system established in this study would be useful for genetic manipulation and modern breeding program of B. rotunda.

Keywords : Cell suspension culture,Medicinal ginger,Micropropagation,Protoplasts

Subject Area : General

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A study on reducing fat content of fried banana chips using a sweet pretreatment technique

 International Food Research Journal, Volume 23, Issue 1, 2016, pp. 68-71

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A study on reducing fat content of fried banana chips using a sweet pretreatment technique

 Aida S.A. * 1, Noriza A. 1, Haswani M.M. 1, Mya S.M.Y. 1

Abstract : Knowledge and concerns of the bad health implications of high fat intake in consumers has resulted in a rising demand for low-fat foods. Consequently, the use of sweet pre-treatment as alternative food source is gaining attention among producers and consumers. The study of reducing oil uptake of fried banana chips using sweet pre-treatment was done. In the preparation of fried banana chips, the sliced banana was blanched at 80oC. Then, the sliced banana was dipped in the treatment for 4 g, 8 g and 12 g of sugar solution. Next, the sliced banana was deep fried at temperature 180oC for 5 minutes. The result showed increased in percentage of moisture reduction (86.65 %, 86.99%, 88.37% and 90.51%) for control and other three fried banana chips as the concentration of sugar used for treatment was increased. For fat content, it showed a decreased in percentage (0.66%, 0.63%, 0.62% and 0.54%) as the sugar concentration used for the treatment was increased. Sugar treatment does not affect the colour of fried banana chips as p-value for lightness (L*) is 0.426 and the p-value for yellowness (b) is 0.468. This showed that the null hypothesis was accepted and there was no significant difference in lightness and yellowness of all four fried banana chips. Finally, sensory evaluation showed that there was a significant difference in crispiness, colour, sweetness, oiliness and overall acceptance between all four fried banana chips. As the conclusion, sweet pre-treatment gives positive effect on reducing fat content in fried banana chips and can be used as one of the alternative method in producing banana chips with lower amount of fat.

Keywords : Fried banana chips,Reduced fat content

Subject Area : Food Science

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Geographical distribution of subterranean termites (Isoptera) in economically important regions of Luzon, Philippines

 Philippine Agricultural Scientist, Volume 96, Issue 2, 2013, pp. 205-209

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Geographical distribution of subterranean termites (Isoptera) in economically important regions of Luzon, Philippines

 Acda M.N. * 1

Abstract :

A belt transect survey was conducted to determine the geographical distribution of economically important subterranean termites in the island of Luzon, Philippines. Termite species Macrotermes gilvus Hagen, Nasutitermes spp., Microcerotermes losbanosensis Oshima and Coptotermes vastator Light (C. gestroi Wasmann) were found widely distributed in the National Capital Region (NCR), Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and Quezon (CALABARZON) and Central Luzon. Nasutitermes luzonicus and Microcerotermes losbanosensis were the most common species encountered in homes and wooden structures in both rural and urban environments. M. gilvus was the dominant species in the soil and open fields. Multiple colonies of species belonging to the genera Nasutitermes and Microcerotermes or Macrotermes were also observed to be tolerant of one another in the field with limited or no agonistic behavior toward one another. Effects of soil type, pH, elevation and habitat on subterranean termite distributions were discussed to help formulate effective control measures against these wood-boring structural pests.

Keywords : Coptotermes,Geographical distribution,Macrotermes,Microcerotermes,Nasutitermes,Subterranean termites

Subject Area : Biotechnology Agronomy and Crop Science Animal Science and Zoology

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Physico-chemical properties of wood pellets from forest residues

 Journal of Tropical Forest Science, Volume 26, Issue 4, 2014, pp. 589-595

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Physico-chemical properties of wood pellets from forest residues

 Acda M.N. * 1, Devera E.E. 1

Abstract : 

The study investigated the physical, chemical and combustion properties of wood pellets from forest residues. Wood shavings from mixed Dipterocarpaceae species and branch wood of Gmelina arborea and Leucaena leucocephala were used as feedstock. Ultimate, proximate, elemental and combustion analyses were performed to assess pellet quality in accordance with DIN 51731 (1996) for compressed solid fuel. In general, forest biomass used in this study formed pellets that were homogenous with uniform size and shape. Moisture content, particle density, bulk density and abrasion resistance were all within guiding values of the standard. Pellet samples used in this study showed relatively low levels of ash forming elements and heavy metals with calorific values suitable for industrial and residential heating applications. Combustion analyses of pellets from shavings and branch wood also showed that these materials burned freely and continuously while maintaining their integrity during the burning cycle. Low levels of pollutant emissions were detected when pellets were burned from biomass samples used in this study.

Keywords : Biomass,Gmelina arborea,Leucaena leucocephala,Renewable energy

Subject Area : Forestry

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Geographical Distribution of Subterranean Termites (Isoptera) in Economically Important Regions of Luzon, Philippines

Author

Menandro N. Acda

Abstract

A belt transect survey was conducted to determine the geographical distribution of economically important subterranean termites in the island of Luzon, Philippines. Termite species Macrotermes gilvus Hagen, Nasutitermes spp., Microcerotermes losbanosensis Oshima and Coptotermes vastator Light (C. gestroi Wasmann) were found widely distributed in the National Capital Region (NCR), Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and Quezon (CALABARZON) and Central Luzon. Nasutitermes luzonicus and Microcerotermes losbanosensis were the most common species encountered in homes and wooden structures in both rural and urban environments. M. gilvus was the dominant species in the soil and open fields. Multiple colonies of species belonging to the genera Nasutitermes and Microcerotermes or Macrotermes were also observed to be tolerant of one another in the field with limited or no agonistic behavior toward one another. Effects of soil type, pH, elevation and habitat on subterranean termite distributions were discussed to help formulate effective control measures against these wood-boring structural pests.

Key Words: Coptotermes, geographical distribution, Macrotermes, Microcerotermes, Nasutitermes, subterranean termites

Abbreviations: GIS – Geographical Information System, GPS – Global Positioning System, UTM – Universal Transverse Mercaptor

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