Water pillow irrigation versus drip irrigation with regard to growth and yield of tomato grown under greenhouse conditions in a semi-arid region

Author

Sinan Gerçek, Mustafa Demirkaya and Doğan Işik

Agricultural Water Management, 2017, vol. 180, issue PA, pages 172-177

Abstract: Increasing world population entails an increase in agricultural productions. Climate change and resultant global warming points out more efficient use of soil and water resources. Irrigation is the most significant input in agriculture to increase yield levels. Therefore, efficient water use is a critical issue in irrigation practices to have ‘more crop per drop’. Water pillow is a new irrigation method with quite high irrigation water efficiency. In this study, efficiency of water pillows irrigation method was investigated in tomato irrigation under greenhouse conditions and results were compared with drip irrigation. Amount of applied irrigation water was measured as 416.3mm in water pillows and 798.7mm in drip irrigation. The value in water pillows was 52% less than drip irrigation. The total yield was 360.11tha−1 in water pillows and 306.62tha−1 in drip irrigation method. Average yield per plant was 11.31kg in water pillows and 9.63kg in drip irrigation. The differences in yields of treatments were found to be significant (P<0.05). Weed development was observed in drip irrigation, but not observed in water pillows. Physico-chemical analyses on tomatoes from water pillows and drip irrigation revealed that tomatoes irrigated with water pillows had better pH, titration acidity, brix, total dry matter and color values than the tomatoes irrigated with drip irrigation.

Keywords: Water pillow irrigation method; Tomato; Greenhouse; Weeds (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
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Influence of different plastic film mulches and wetted soil percentages on potato grown under drip irrigation

Author

You-Liang Zhang, Feng-Xin Wang, Clinton Cleon Shock, Kai-Jing Yang, Shao-Zhong Kang, Jing-Tao Qin and Si-En Li

Agricultural Water Management, 2017, vol. 180, issue PA, pages 160-171

Abstract: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), an important food crop of Northwest China, is commonly grown using transparent plastic film mulch for water conservation since both irrigation water and precipitation are scarce. In order to improve production efficiency, field experiments were conducted at Shiyanghe Experimental Station, China Agricultural University, Wuwei, Gansu Province, China using plastic mulch and drip irrigation to study the influence of two typical plastic mulches (transparent and black) and three wetted soil percentages on potato root distribution, evapotranspiration, tuber yield and quality, and water use efficiency (WUE) in 2014 and 2015. Using a wetted soil percentage of 55%, three soil surface treatments were tested: transparent plastic mulch, black plastic mulch, and a non-mulched check. With the transparent plastic mulch, three wetted soil percentages 35%, 55%, and 75% were evaluated. The soil retained moisture better in the mulched treatments than in the non-mulched treatment. As the plant canopy increased, the differences diminished. Potato grown without plastic mulch developed more roots than potato grown with mulch. The soil water fluctuations in the top of the bed with black plastic mulch were greater than with transparent plastic mulch. Potato grown with either plastic mulch had greater yield and WUE than potato grown without plastic mulch. Potato grown with transparent plastic mulch had 10% and 7% greater WUE in 2014 and 2015, respectively than potato grown with black plastic mulch but the differences were not statistically significant. For different wetted soil percentages, the irrigation frequency was higher with the 35% wetted soil treatment than with 55% or 75%. The irrigation at 35% principally only affected the soil water in the upper soil in contrast to the 55% or 75% treatments. The 35% wetted soil treatment had more root development in 2015. Potato evapotranspiration increased as the wetted soil percentage increased. The 75% wetted soil treatment had significantly more evapotranspiration than the 35% wetted soil treatment in 2015. The 35% wetted soil treatment had the highest WUE, 17% and 25% higher than the 75% wetted soil treatment in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The 35% wetted soil percentage irrigation regime combined with transparent plastic mulch merits wider testing for potato production in arid Northwest China.

Keywords: Soil water; Root distribution; Potato yield; Potato quality (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
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Declining trends of water requirements of dry season Boro rice in the north-west Bangladesh

Author

Tapos Kumar Acharjee, Gerardo van Halsema, Fulco Ludwig and Petra Hellegers

Agricultural Water Management, 2017, vol. 180, issue PA, pages 148-159

Abstract: The drought prone North-West Bangladesh is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, particularly because of less water availability in the dry period and high water requirement for crop production. Improved understanding of recent changes in crop water demand in the dry season is important for the water resources management in the region. A study was carried out to determine the potential impacts of recent climate change during last three decades on trends of water requirements of Boro rice. The reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo), potential crop water requirement (∑ETC), effective rainfall during the crop growing period (ER), potential irrigation requirement for crop evapotranspiration (∑ETC−ER) and net irrigation requirement of Boro rice were estimated using observed daily climate data in the CropWat model for the period of 1980 to 2013 for four North-West districts. Significant decreasing trends of ETo were observed in most of the dry months due to increasing relative humidity and decreasing wind-speed and sun-shine hours. The results showed decreasing trends of potential crop water requirement, i.e. the total crop evapotranspiration (∑ETC), of Boro rice due to decreasing reference crop evapotranspiration and shorter crop growing periods. The variations in trends of potential irrigation requirement for crop evapotranspiration (∑ETC−ER) found among different districts, are mainly linked to variations in trends of changes in effective rainfall. The net irrigation requirement of Boro rice has decreased, by 11% during the last three decades at an average rate of −4.4mmyear−1, instead of decreasing effective rainfall, mainly because of high rate of decrease of crop evapotranspiration (−5.9mmyear−1). Results indicate that a warming climate does not always result in higher agricultural water use and that climate change can also result in reduced water demands because of changes in humidity, wind-speed and sun-shine hours.

Keywords: Water demand; Evapotranspiration; Climate change (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
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Using field measurements and FAO-56 model to assess the eco-physiological response of citrus orchards under regulated deficit irrigation

Author

Giovanni Rallo, Pablo González-Altozano, Juan Manzano-Juárez and Giuseppe Provenzano

Agricultural Water Management, 2017, vol. 180, issue PA, pages 136-147

Abstract: Micro-irrigation is considered one of the most efficient water distribution systems and allows increasing water use efficiency if coupled with effective water-saving irrigation management strategies as regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) or partial root-zone drying (PRD) techniques. However, application of these strategies makes it crucial the real-time monitoring of soil and crop water status, in order to identify appropriate irrigation scheduling parameters (irrigation timing and doses) and to prevent irreversible damage of plant system and/or crop yield reductions.

Keywords: FAO-56 model; Midday stem water potential; Regulated deficit irrigation; Water stress function; Citrus (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
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Agronomical, physiological and fruit quality responses of two Italian long-storage tomato landraces under rain-fed and full irrigation conditions

Author

Gianpiero Guida, Mohamed Houssemeddine Sellami, Carmela Mistretta, Marco Oliva, Roberta Buonomo, Roberto De Mascellis, Cristina Patanè, Youssef Rouphael, Rossella Albrizio and Pasquale Giorio

Agricultural Water Management, 2017, vol. 180, issue PA, pages 126-135

Abstract: Drought is the major environmental stress that adversely affects crop productivity in the Mediterranean region. Adopting water saving strategies, such as deficit irrigation or even no irrigation (rain-fed) and using drought-tolerant genotypes and/or landraces may represent effective tools to save water without substantial reduction of yield. An experiment was conducted in two consecutive growing seasons (2013 and 2014), to assess soil water content and matric potential of soil, physiological parameters, growth, yield and fruit quality of two Italian long-storage tomato landraces: “Locale di Salina 6” (LS; 2013 and 2014) and “Piennolo del Vesuvio” (PV; 2014) under rain-fed (RF) and full irrigation (FI) conditions. Leaf water potential, CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic efficiency and growth were moderately impaired under rain-fed conditions, while intrinsic water use efficiency slightly increased. The marketable yield of LS in both growing seasons, and PV in 2014 under RF conditions was slightly reduced (by 6%) as compared with the FI treatment, indicating a drought tolerance of both landraces. In the 2014 experiment, the marketable yield was significantly higher by 55% in PV than in LS landrace. When averaged over landraces, the fruit quality traits in particular fruit dry matter, total soluble solids and total ascorbic acid contents increased by 21, 33 and 55%, respectively under RF compared to FI. The results can play an important role in selecting tolerant genotypes for use under limited water supply in order to save water and improve fruit quality without affecting the crop productivity.

Keywords: Leaf gas exchanges; Soil water content; Solanum lycopersicum L; Water stress; Intrinsic water use efficiency (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
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The effect of drought stress on yield, leaf gaseous exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Author

Rudzani Mathobo, Diana Marais and Joachim Martin Steyn

Agricultural Water Management, 2017, vol. 180, issue PA, pages 118-125

Abstract: Global food production relies on irrigation, especially in low rainfall areas such as South Africa. The study was conducted to determine the effect of drought stress on growth, yield, leaf gaseous exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of dry bean under field conditions and the after effects of drought stress upon lifting drought stress. A rain shelter field trial was conducted at the Hatfield Experimental Farm of the University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. Dry bean cultivar DBS 360 was subjected to five levels of moisture stress arranged in a randomized complete block design with six replications. The plants were exposed to the following drought stress levels: the control: Irrigated to field capacity (S1), Withholding irrigation from 36days after planting (DAP) for 24days (S2), Withholding irrigation from 49 DAP for 24days (S3), Withholding irrigation from 73 DAP to the end of the growing season (S4) and irrigated to field capacity on a fortnightly bases for the rest of the season from 36 DAP to the end of the growing season (S5).The results revealed that drought stress reduced dry matter production, leaf area index, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, hundred seed weight and grain yield. Treatments S1, S4 and S5 produced statistically similar grain yield. Drought stress towards the end of the growing season may not cause serious harm in grain yield. Drought stress resulted in a reduction in photosynthetic rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, stomatal conductance and transpiration. Chlorophyll fluorescence was also affected by drought stress. The highest WUE was found in the treatment which was irrigated on fortnightly bases from 36 DAP. This indicates that with appropriate irrigation it is possible to save water without a great yield loss in dry bean.

Keywords: Moisture stress; Photosynthesis; Water stress; Water use efficiency (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
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Modeling yield and biomass responses of maize cultivars to climate change under full and deficit irrigation

Author

L. Ma, L.R. Ahuja, A. Islam, T.J. Trout, S.A. Saseendran and R.W. Malone

Agricultural Water Management, 2017, vol. 180, issue PA, pages 88-98

Abstract: With as much as 4.8°C increase in air temperature by end of 21st century, new crop cultivars are needed for adapting to the new climate. The objective of this study was to identify maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar parameters that maintain yield under projected climate for late in the 21st century under full and deficit irrigation in a semi-arid region. The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) was calibrated with four years of maize data from northeastern Colorado, USA, under various irrigation conditions and was then used to simulate climate change effects on maize production with current management practices. Results showed that projected climate change decreased yield by 21% and biomass by 7% late in the 21st century (2070–2091) under full irrigation, compared to yield in the current climate (1992–2013). Under deficit irrigation, the corresponding reductions were 14% and 3%, respectively. Using the cultivar parameters calibrated with RZWQM2 for southern Colorado condition did not show yield decrease under future climate, but it simulated much lower yield under current climate in northeastern Colorado. A cultivar from the DSSAT (Decision Support Systems for Agrotechnology Transfer) crop database (GL 482) produced similar yield to experimental data under current climate and increased yield by 4% at full irrigation under future climate in northeastern Colorado. Using Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS), we also identified 70 cultivars with longer maturity duration (between silking and physiological maturity) and higher grain filling rate for mitigating climate change effects on maize production. These two identified traits can guide plant breeders in developing cultivars for the future.

Keywords: Systems modeling; RZWQM; DSSAT; Cultivar traits; Climate adaptation; Crop simulation; Irrigation management; Colorado (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
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Irrigation scheduling and water use efficiency of cucumber grown as a spring-summer cycle crop in solar greenhouse

Author

Recep Çakir, Ulviye Kanburoglu-Çebi, Surreya Altintas and Aylin Ozdemir

Agricultural Water Management, 2017, vol. 180, issue PA, pages 78-87

Abstract: This 3-year study aimed to determine the most appropriate irrigation application and water use efficiency programs based on Class A Pan evaporation for mini (Lebanese) type cucumber plants grown as a first crop under protected conditions in a solar greenhouse. Research was carried out in an unheated solar greenhouse constructed on the lands of Ataturk Soil Water and Agricultural Meteorology Research Institute in Kirklareli, Northwestern Turkey. In order to prevent excessive increase in temperature within the protective structure, the semicircular shaped unheated greenhouse with sidewall ventilation was screened with 75% green-coloured shading net. The experimental layout of the study was a split-plot design with 3 replications. Two irrigation intervals (D1–2days and D2–4days) and four different plant–pan coefficients (0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50) were applied to main and subplots in the experiment. It was determined that cucumber yields increased with the increase in the irrigation water amount and reached averages of 128.2 and 126.5tonha−1 with use of highest plant pan coefficients of 1.50 and 1.25 vs. 90.7 and 90.9tonha−1 under the lowest Ecp coefficient of 0.75. The highest irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) values of about 56kgha−1m−3 and 42kgha−1m−3 were obtained from the conditions with least applied irrigation water amounts. The average seasonal value of the yield response factor (ky) estimated on the basis of data from the 3-year study was determined as 0.75.

Keywords: Mini cucumber; Unheated tunnels; Yield; Ky (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
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Field-scale calibration of crop-yield parameters in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)

Author

Sumathy Sinnathamby, Kyle R. Douglas-Mankin and Collin Craige

Agricultural Water Management, 2017, vol. 180, issue PA, pages 61-69

Abstract: Accurate modeling of crop growth within watershed hydrological models is essential, yet most studies pay little attention to parameterizing crop-growth sub-models or validating their performance. This study evaluated crop sub-model parameters of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a widely used, physically based, hydrological model. Baseline SWAT crop parameters were calibrated at the model hydrologic-response-unit-scale using 10 years of replicated field-scale data at one site and validated using 5 years at a second site for corn and grain sorghum, and new parameters were developed and tested for sweet sorghum (bioenergy crop) using 4 years of unreplicated field data. Calibration of crop yields focused on four parameters: lower harvest index (WYSF), harvest index for optimal growing condition (HVSTI), radiation use efficiency (BIO_E), and maximum leaf area index (BLAI). Calibration improved model performance and resulted in slight changes to SWAT default values for four parameters for corn and sorghum. These results provide important preliminary parameters for modeling sweet sorghum in SWAT; both BIO_E and BLAI were greater than default values for grain sorghum. Calibrated parameters improved model performance in validation of corn but not grain sorghum, which was heavily influenced by drought conditions and possibly other management differences at the validation site. Results of this study support use of site-specific, rather than default or off-site, calibration of crop-model parameters to minimize effects on model performance of different soil, water, and nutrient management conditions. Watershed-specific, field-scale crop-yield calibration methods demonstrated in this study are recommended to reduce the plant-growth-related systematic error component of larger-scale hydrological processes (such as streamflow).

Keywords: Hydrologic modeling; Crop model; Corn; Grain sorghum; Sweet sorghum; SWAT (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
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Evaluation of crop coefficients, water productivity, and water balance components for wine grapes irrigated at different deficit levels by a sub-surface drip

Author

V. Phogat, M.A. Skewes, M.G. McCarthy, J.W. Cox, J. Šimůnek and P.R. Petrie

Agricultural Water Management, 2017, vol. 180, issue PA, pages 22-34

Abstract: Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) and its partitioning into transpiration and evaporation is fundamental for improving water management practices in water-limited environments and under deficit irrigation conditions. This investigation was conducted to estimate the water balance and ET components of subsurface drip (SDI) irrigated Chardonnay wine grapes for two seasons (2010–2011 and 2011–2012) using a numerical model (HYDRUS-2D). Treatments involved the application of different volumes [51% (I1), 64% (I2), 77% (I3), and 92% (I4) of normal application] of water for irrigation. A modified version of the FAO-56 dual crop coefficient approach was used to generate daily transpiration and evaporation as inputs to the HYDRUS-2D model. The calibrated and validated model produced estimates of actual evapotranspiration (ETCact), actual transpiration (Tpact), and actual evaporation (Esact), and deep percolation under varied irrigation applications. The model-simulated values were then used to estimate actual crop coefficients (Kcact and Kcbact), and water productivity of wine grape under different deficit irrigation conditions.

Keywords: Wine grapes; Sub-surface drip; HYDRUS-2D; Evapotranspiration; Crop coefficients; Water productivity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
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