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Wednesday, 7 June 2017

Water quality of Narai canal and Balu river of Dhaka City: An impact of industrialization

Author
Sunando Roy (sunandoroy@gmail.com), L. N. Banna, M. Hossain and H. Rahman

Abstract: Rapid industrialization around riverside without having proper environmental consideration causes severe water pollution in our country. On accordance with the consecution of this problem the study was conducted to investigate the water quality of Narai canal and Balu river during January to June, 2012. Water quality parameter analysis i.e. color, odor, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonium (NH4) results show that except pH all exceeded standard limit for domestic water use, irrigation and fish cultivation. The minimum and maximum values of pH, TDS, DO and NH4 were 6.89-7.33, 982-1308 ppm, 0.33-2.12 ppm and 6.79-89.76 ppm, respectively. Present analysis with secondary research data also revealed that this pollution rate is becoming intensified quickly which may pose a great threat in future for human health, ecosystem and sustainable agricultural production. So, Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP) is urgently needed to minimize the concentration of pollutants and ultimately to save the river water of the concerned area.
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Performance of some high yielding garlic varieties at two locations of Bangladesh

Author
M. U. S. Khatun, M. Z. Ferdous and M. K. Islam

Abstract: The experiment was conducted at Ulipur, Kurigram and Gabtoli, Bogra for two consecutive rabi seasons (2010-11 to 2011-12) to observe the performance of some high yielding garlic varieties ( BARI Roshun 1, BARI Roshun 2, BAU Roshun 1 and BAU Roshun 2) including local variety at farmer’s field. In Kurigram, the highest yield (8.11 and 8.04 t ha-1 during two successive years) was obtained from BARI Roshun 2, which differed significantly from other varieties. In Bogra, the highest yield (12.01 and 11.82 t ha-1 during two successive years) was obtained from BAU Roshun 2, which differed significantly from other varieties but in the second year it was statistically identical to BAU Roshun 1. In Kurigram, the highest gross return (Tk. 405500 and 241237 ha-1) and the highest gross margin (Tk. 308325 and 97664 ha-1) were obtained from BARI Roshun 2 where as in Bogra, the highest gross return (Tk. 960000 and 574000 ha-1) and the highest gross margin (Tk. 826217 and 433081 ha-1) were obtained from BAU Roshun 2 during two successive years. The lowest gross return and gross margin was obtained from local variety at both locations.
Keywords: Garlic; HYV; Yield; Cost; Return; Crop Production/Industries (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2015
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Socioeconomic factors influencing food security status of miaze growing households in selected areas of Bogra district

Author
Maksuda Mannaf and Md Taj Uddin

Abstract: The study was conducted to elucidate the determinants of food security among the maize growing rural households of Bogra district. Data were collected from 0 farmers, who were selected using a stratified random sampling method. The sample farmers were classified as small (0.51-1.00 ha), medium (1.01-3.00 ha) and large (above 3.00 ha) according to their possession of land. To collect data, a questionnaire was administered through face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, food security index and logit model. The results of the study revealed that almost all rural households in Bogra district were food secured. It was checked by using recommended minimum calorie requirement (i.e., 2122 kcal). Based on the results, 20 (33.33 percent)households were found to be food insecured while the rest 40 (66.67 percent)households were food secured households. Thus, only 20 (33.33 percent) of the sampled households could not get the minimum and above recommended calorie level, i.e., 2122 kcal per capita per day. The results of logit model indicated that four variables out of eight have influence on household’s food security condition. The factors influencing household food security were found to be age of household head, household size, monthly agricultural income and food expenditure. The results of logit model showed that a unit increase in food expenditure will increase the probability of the household being food secure, households with older heads are more food insecure, household food security decreases with increasing household size, and increased income of household’s ensure food security status.
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Food demand and nutrition for people living in south-west cyclone SIDR affected regions in Bangladesh

Author
K M M Rahman, B Kranz and S Bauer

Abstract: Food consumption, nutrition and demand for farmers’ families were studied in the south-west Sidr affected regions, namely, Patuakhali, Barguna and Jhalakathi in Bangladesh. Based on primary data of 300 households collected with simple random sampling technique from January to June in 2013, the study used LA/AIDS model and descriptive statistics to explain food demand, consumption and nutrition. Farmers consumed less food in terms of per capita calorie and protein intakes. Food cost was 58 percent of total cost. Farmers of Barguna and Jhalakathi regions were mostly absolute poor. The per capita food, calorie and protein intakes were respectively 1037g, 2104 kcal and 84g. Farmers with higher farm sizes consumed more daily per capita food whereas farmers with higher family sizes exhibited less daily per capita food consumption. Food demand was significantly influenced by its own price, prices of other commodities and real expenditure on individual commodities. All compensated and uncompensated own price elasticities of food items were negative. All expenditure elasticities were positive and significant. The food commodities oil, spices, sugar, meat, milk and egg were expenditure inelastic whereas the commodities rice, vegetables, lentil and fish were expenditure elastic. As a policy, prices of all expenditure elastic commodities should be controlled by market intervention to enhance the real income of farmers.
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Impact of micro-credit programmes on poverty alleviation in Bangladesh

Author
Mst Asma Khatun, Mohammad Amirul Islam and Shankar Majumder

Abstract: This present study examines the impact of micro-credit programmes of six government organisations (GO), non-government organisations (NGO) and micro-finance institutes (MFI) on poverty alleviation in Bangladesh using a purposive sample of 406 credit receivers. Alongside respondent’s perceived change in poverty situation this study devised an alternative measure of poverty change based on the change in household wealth and education of a household. Two-level binary logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression analyses suggest that amount of loan, different GO /NGOs/MFIs, satisfaction level, taken loan before and micro-credit as main means of asset change were the determinants of change in poverty situation. Significant community level variation was found in this analysis which indicates that the respondents from different communities with same set of characteristics will exhibit different influences on the change in poverty situation. Further research should be carried out to identify the sources of such variation to optimise the effect of micro-credit.
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Performance of small-scale participatory water projects - An econometric analysis of impact on income and assets

Author
Nabiul Islam and Md Nazrul Islam

Abstract: The small-scale water resources development projects, constructed by Local Government Engineering Department in Bangladesh are designed as participatory at all stages of planning, designing, implementation and maintenance. An econometric modeling exercise is carried out to assess the economic effects of such interventions, to ascertain how far the beneficiaries were able to reap benefits. The results show that such interventions had substantial positive impacts on income and asset for the beneficiary households, although the nonpoor households have benefited more. However, some autonomous growth resulting from factors such as switch to HYV varieties and increased use of inputs due to lower perceived risk of crop failure or reduced losses due to flooding may also have some contribution to these incremental benefits. One is also tempted to suggest that beneficiary participation in all project cycles might have positively contributed to performance of the projects. The performances of the ten subprojects and the ten water management cooperative associations (WMCAs) under study were evaluated through multi-criteria analysis. The significant positive rank correlation of the performance between the subprojects and the WMCAs leads to the conclusion that the performance of the SPs is highly dependent on the performance of the WMCAs. Hence, efforts should be made to improve the performance of the WMCAs through improved operation and maintenance in order to ensure the sustainability of the projects and also avoid their costly rehabilitation in the future.
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Appraisal of domestic biogas plants in Bangladesh

Author
H Kabir, M S Palash and S Bauer

Abstract: Bangladesh. Biogas activities in Bangladesh have been expanding to meet the needs of alternative energy sources and reduce of the country dependence on biomass energy. Biogas is viewed an innovative and most promising option toward a partial mitigation of the existing energy problems in Bangladesh. This study examined the cost-capacity relationships of biogas plant use while considering the financial and economic feasibility with several decision making tools. Data were collected from 150 small scale biogas plants from four districts of Bangladesh. Often three sizes of biogas plants- small (2.4 m3), medium (3.2 m3) and large (4.8 m3) were found in the sample areas. Financial and economic analyses were done based on the decision making tools of Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PBP), and Net Benefit Increase (NBI). Four scenarios (with subsidy, without subsidy, health benefit, and income generate from time savings) and one scenario (carbon trading) were accounted under financial and economic evaluations, respectively and stated that biogas plants can be installed as profitable business in the potential areas of Bangladesh. The results highlighted that the investment cost would have a burden of biogas users while subsidy and credit were played a vital role to adopt the decision on biogas plant adoption. Considering five sensitive cases the investment cost also acutely inspired to implement the biogas project across the country. Finally, it may conclude that Bangladesh having a great potentiality to adopt more biogas plants, especially in the livestock prone areas for mitigating the existing environmental degradation, biomass difficulties and generating the income with good health.
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Agricultural productivity and food security in the developing world

Author
Lavlu Mozumdar

Abstract: The study reveals the contribution of increased agricultural productivity in food security in the developing countries. An intensive literature review is conducted in writing the article. It has depicted the different productivity measures in agriculture and their relative uses. It explains several non-conventional production factors influencing agricultural productivity growth along with conventional production factors. It also explains how increased agricultural productivity is linked with food security, rural livelihood as well as rural poverty reduction. Finally it demonstrates why increased agricultural productivity is necessary for developing countries including Sub-Saharan Africa and it also provides a few policy options to increase agricultural productivity in developing countries.
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An economic analysis of organic farming in Namil Nadu, India

Author
J S Amarnath and V Sridhar

Abstract: In view of the economic importance of organic farming, the present study was taken up in Erode district of Tamil Nadu, India. The total cost of cultivation of organic and conventional turmeric per hectare was worked out to US$ 2641.43 and US$ 3529.13 respectively. The net income per hectare was US$ 2727.19 and US$ 1876.13 respectively. The cost of cultivation of organic and conventional cotton per hectare was worked out to US$ 1306.79 and US$ 1725.19 respectively. The net income per hectare was US$ 1332.13 and US$ 1032.68 respectively. The results of logit model for turmeric growers showed that chemical fertilizers cost had highly significant influence on adoption of organic farming whereas in case of cotton growers, chemical fertilizers cost and information received from NGO’s highly influenced on adoption of organic farming. The results of Cobb-Douglas production function for organic turmeric revealed that farm yard manure, neem cake, jeevamirtham, vermicompost, panchakaviya and human labour contributed significantly on yield of organic turmeric. The Cobb-Douglas production function for organic cotton revealed that seeds, farm yard manure, neem cake, jeeva amirtham, vermicompost, panchakaviya, human labour and irrigation contributed had significantly influenced the yield of organic cotton. The most important constraints identified by the organic growers in productivity of organic turmeric and cotton were non availability of labour and organic certification whereas conventional growers’ constraints were non availability of labour and high wage rate.
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Empirical estimation of producer and trader level stocks of rice in Bangladesh: A methodological review

Author

Abstract: A reasonably good estimate of the private stocks of food grain over time at producer and trader levels is necessary for proper formulation and implementation of public policies on domestic food grain procurement, import and disposal.Literature on food grain marketing in Bangladesh is very thin compared to those on food grain production. Few studies that were conducted on food grain marketing addressed questions of the extent of marketed surplus, extent of competition and efficiency in the market, the degree of market integration and informational inefficiency, and the role of pre-harvest credit on marketing behaviour of producers. The aspect that has been scantily covered in marketing studies is the estimation of private grain storage or stock at a point in time at producer and trader levels, and how private and public stocks interacted to influence food grain market. In this paper, available literature is reviewed with a focus on the methodologies used to estimate private stock in order to identify gaps, and make recommendations to overcome them.
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Fasting for Runners

Author BY   ANDREA CESPEDES  Food is fuel, especially for serious runners who need a lot of energy. It may seem counterintuiti...