Everything About Wood

Thursday, 19 May 2016

Popular Woodworking Magazine, August 2014

The Bill Anderson Woodworking Collection – Limited Quantity Available!

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This month’s cover article, from Robert W. Lang, executive editor, teaches you step by step in “Craftsman Wardrobe” how to build Gustav Stickley’s No. 624 wardrobe (the interior could easily be reconfigured for use as a media cabinet, hanging storage – whatever you need to stow); Christopher Schwarz shares his quick and easy fix for making a cheap coping saw perform like a champ, plus tips for successful sawing, in “Improve a Coping Saw”; in “Mid-century Coffee Table,” Mario Rodriguez shows you his clever and simple technique for basket-weave veneer used atop a handsome piece that looks great in the modern home; Chuck Bender, senior editor, helps you move beyond the limits of your router (or shaper) bits and make mouldings of any size using the table saw, core-box bits and a couple of handplanes in “Massive Mouldings.”

You’ll learn from Derek Olson how to replicate André Roubo’s 18th-century veneer press in “Roubo’s Bench Vise” – and adapt it to suit your clamping needs; in “Painted Bucket Bench,” Catharine Kennedy teaches you how to make a simple bucket bench from home center pine, then how to apply faux graining with vinegar paint to make it look like a far more expensive piece; and, in “Danish Modern,” by Linda Rosengarten, you’ll meet Ejler Hjorth-Westh, a woodworker, boatbuilder and more from Denmark who now teaches woodworking at the College of the Redwoods.

In this month’s Tool Test, we review the SuperMax 19-38 Drum Sander, Abortech’s TurboPlane and Min-Turbo and Freud’s Diablo general purpose and crosscut finish 10″ saw blades; George Walker discusses how to modify a design in Design Matters; Bob Rozaieski show you how to build a traditional miter square in Arts & Mysteries; Bob Flexner shows you how to match color on wood with an existing object or a photo in Flexner on Finishing; and in End Grain, Ethan Sincox shares his essay on woodworking at the lunch table in “Take Your Home to Work.”

Plus Tricks of the Trade, reader letters and more.

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Format	Magazine Single Issue

For further information log on website :

http://www.shopwoodworking.com/popular-woodworking-aug-2014

Diversity and delimitation of Rhizopus microsporus

January 2014, Volume 64, Issue 1, pp 145-163

First online: 09 April 2013

Somayeh Dolatabadi

, Grit Walther

, A. H. G. Gerrits van den Ende

, G. S. de Hoog

Abstract

Rhizopus microsporus has been used for centuries in the production of oriental fermented foods, but the species is also known as a toxin producer and from severe human infections. To study the diversity and species delimitation of Rhizopus microsporus, 48 isolates from the reference collection of the CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, comprising nine environmental, ten clinical, and 23 foodborne strains, in addition to six strains from unknown sources and representing all existing varieties of the species, were examined. Sequence diversity was based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and on a part of the actin (ACT) and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF) genes. Differences in physiological properties were assessed including temperature relationships. Spore morphology was studied, mating type tests were performed, and MALDI-ToF profiles were generated. Clinical and food-associated strains as well as members of different varieties mated successfully and consequently they belong to a single biological species. Molecular differences did not match with any other parameter investigated. Based on these results the varieties of Rhizopus microsporus are reduced to synonyms.

Keywords

Rhizopus microsporus Phylogeny Taxonomy Physiology MALDI-ToF Mating type Foodborne fungi Medical mycology Sporulation

Title

Diversity and delimitation of Rhizopus microsporus

Journal

Fungal Diversity
Volume 64, Issue 1 , pp 145-163

Cover Date

2014-01

DOI

10.1007/s13225-013-0229-6

Print ISSN

1560-2745

Online ISSN

1878-9129

Publisher

Springer Netherlands

Additional Links

Author Affiliations

1. CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
2. Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
3. Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
4. Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Jena, Germany
5. Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
6. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
7. Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China

For further details log on website :

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13225-013-0229-6

What Can I Use Instead of Evaporated Milk to Bake Chicken?

Evaporated milk is milk that has been concentrated by 60 percent, ranging in amounts of butterfat from 8 percent in whole evaporated milk to .5 percent in evaporated skim milk. Evaporated milk is often used to boost texture and flavor when it is added to baked chicken recipes. Whether you have no evaporated milk on hand or are looking for a low-fat or dairy-free substitute, there are plenty of ideas for replacing evaporated milk.

A whole baked chicken sits on a serving plate atop a table. Photo Credit Yingko/iStock/Getty Images.

You can substitute other household ingredients for evaporated milk, such as light whipping cream, to yield a creamy, flavorful dish. You can also combine whole milk with half-and-half to yield an evaporated milk replacement; for example, for 1 cup of evaporated milk, use ¾ cups whole milk and ¼ cup half-and-half. If you don’t have a replacement, make your own evaporated milk by simmering 2 ¼ cups of regular milk in a sauce pan until it becomes 1 cup, making sure that the milk never gets to the boiling point. To get the same texture as evaporated milk, take powdered milk and prepare it as directed, but only use 40 percent of the liquid.

If you are baking, roasting or broiling chicken that calls for evaporated milk, you can substitute the evaporated milk in the same amounts with fat-free options like chicken broth, chicken stock or condensed soup with water. You can also use the equivalent of low-fat or skim milk or evaporated skim milk, but keep in mind that each of these ingredients will likely make your final product noticeably less rich and not as flavorful.

Whether you are baking chicken breasts, roasting a fryer chicken or making a chicken casserole, you can use a number of different cream-based liquids to replace evaporated milk. Sauce suggestions include: 1 can of cream of celery with milk, cream of chicken with buttermilk, cream of mushroom with whipping cream, cream of potato with sour cream or cream of broccoli with broth. You can also substitute coconut milk in the same amount, but keep in mind this will add coconut flavor to your dish, so this option may not always be suitable.

In the absence of evaporated milk, you can make oven-fried or baked chicken by replacing the required evaporated milk with buttermilk during the breading process. Ochef, a cooking information website, explains that buttermilk is the most ideal replacement for frying chicken because it has the right consistency for allowing the breading to adhere to the meat, and boosts the flavor of the food.

If you are looking for ways to make your dish safe for individuals with a dairy allergy, you can still use evaporated milk by making your own replacement, according to the website Food.com. Shake a 12-ounce can of coconut milk and combine it with 12 ounces of rice milk in a heavy-bottomed sauce pan. Allow the mixture to simmer, being careful not to scald it. Stir occasionally until the liquid amount has reduced by half. Let the evaporated milk cool before storing in the refrigerator. As the milk may separate after it is cooled, quickly whisk the mixture before you cook with it.

While evaporated milk is often used as a replacement for heavy creams because it only contains 7.9 percent fat, you may be looking for ways to reduce the total fat in your recipe. As you cook, keep in mind that evaporated milk provides some of the texture, thickness and flavor of your food, and by replacing it, you may be compromising some of your food‘s characteristics, possibly yielding a runny, bland or curdled product.

www.livestrong.com

Weird Things to Do in Atlanta

Like any big city, Atlanta has plenty of wackiness and offbeat charm to go around. During the 20th century, the city blossomed from the midsized capital of Georgia to become the unofficial capital of the New South with a large population of transplants and an ever-expanding metro area. Becoming such a big city and a center of commerce brings with it not only a cosmopolitan flair but plenty of weirdness, too. Determining what's weird, though, is relative. But in Atlanta's modern era, certain events and attractions always seem to hit the mark and make the local news with their quirkiness.

Weird Things to Do in Atlanta

Dragon Con Parade Photo Credit Rick Diamond/Getty Images Entertainment/Getty Images.

Atlanta has numerous annual parades; two of the most offbeat and highly anticipated by participants and spectators alike are the Little Five Points Halloween Parade and the Dragon Con Parade, which visitors can either watch or dress up and participate in. The latter takes place in late August as part of the well-known science fiction convention of the same name. Participants don costumes portraying their favorite sci-fi characters from comic books, TV shows and films -- or get creative with mashups of different characters or ensembles -- and take to the streets of downtown. Little Five Points is one of Atlanta's more eclectic neighborhoods, and the Halloween parade puts its eccentricity on full display each October. It's an anything-goes mentality for floats, costumes and marching bands, but still a family-friendly event that brings smiles and perplexed expressions to the faces of onlookers.

Krewes are most commonly associated with Mardi Gras and New Orleans, but Atlanta has the Krewe of the Grateful Gluttons. Founded in 1999 by a former resident of the Big Easy, the Gluttons stage parades and other events for the community at large where creative and silly is the order of the day. Some of their events quickly became traditions in the city, such as the Gnome March World Record Attempt, part of the larger Inman Park Festival Parade. The public is invited each year to help the Krewe break the world record for "Most People Dressed as Garden Gnomes" by dressing up as a gnome and joining in the parade. Sometimes they win, oftentimes they lose -- and always, they celebrate. Other annual Krewe events include the Fairy House Tour of Homes each June to welcome the summer fairies home with tiny houses made out of gourds and the Gingerbread Trailer Park Design Competition in December, featuring a trailer park made entirely out of gingerbread.

If you love waffles and circa-1950s diners, head to the Waffle House Museum in Avondale Estates. This museum is housed in the first Waffle House location, the nationwide Atlanta-based chain of 24-hour diners founded in 1955. The small space has been recreated to resemble what it looked like on opening day, right down to details like period waffle irons, swivel stools and the sign out front. You'll have to call Waffle House's headquarters to schedule a tour, as it's by appointment only, but soon you could be sitting at that counter experiencing for yourself what diners were really like in the 1950s.

Near metro Atlanta's most prominent natural feature, Stone Mountain, the Yellow River Game Ranch is home to a groundhog that gives Punxsutawney Phil a run for his money. This isn't your ordinary zoo; it's a wildlife game ranch in the city. It's also where Gen. Beauregard Lee, a groundhog that lives in a miniature mansion, comes out each February to predict the weather by looking for his shadow, just like his more well-known counterpart in Pennsylvania. Come cheer on General Lee on his celebrated day, whether you want winter weather to continue or not. According to PolitiFact Georgia, General Lee has a better record than Punxsutawney Phil at this faux-prognostication ritual that has been the bane of real meteorologists every winter for decades.

www.livestrong.com

Adult Things to Do in Atlanta

Atlanta is located in the heart of the South in northwestern Georgia. As of 2009, its population is 540,900. The metropolitan area, however, totals more than 5 million, making the Atlanta area the ninth most populous in the nation. If you're visiting Atlanta, there are a number of adult things to do throughout the area for your enjoyment.

Adult Things to Do in Atlanta

Atlanta has a variety of activities for adults. Photo Credit atlanta image by jedphoto from Fotolia.com

Downtown is the heart of the city, and you will find a vast number of activities to keep you busy. Swim with largest fish in the world, the whale shark, at the Georgia Aquarium's Ocean Voyager exhibit. Or, participate in an adult sleepover where you'll hear live jazz and take a Behind the Scenes Tour of the Aquarium. If you visit during winter months, visit Centennial Olympic Park's outdoor ice-skating rink, where it's open from November to January. For a night on the town, head over to The Underground, where you'll find dancing and lounge bars, such as Fuzion, an upscale jazz lounge featuring live comedy and R&B music.

The city of Atlanta boasts 71 public courses, 14 semi-private and 48 private courses for golfers of every skill. The Legacy on Lanier opened in 2009 and offers full-service golf. Fees include green fee, cart fee, gate fee and range balls. Stone Mountain Golf Club is just minutes from downtown at the foot of the mountain. The club offers two courses: Stonemont and Lakemont, which meander through a forest of Georgia pines. When you're done golfing, get a different perspective of the city by taking a helicopter tour or a balloon ride over the city.

Piedmont Park in Midtown offers bicycling trails and jogging trails. Bike paths and jogging paths are separated for pedestrian safety. Atlantic Station, also in Midtown offers a city within a city feel, with a walkable neighborhood and bright yellow bicycle lanes up 17th Street and the 17th Street Bridge. You'll find a number of nature preserves throughout the city, such as Cascade Springs and Lionel-Hampton Beecher Hills where you can enjoy leisurely bike rides or walks. Hike to the summit of Stone Mountain at Stone Mountain State Park, where you'll climb 700 feet in one mile. You can also cycle around the mountain on a 5-mile loop in designated lanes.

If you can't start your day without a dose of CNN, you'll want to participate in the guided walking tour of CNN Worldwide Atlanta. You'll get up close and personal to the people bringing you your daily news. Next, visit the Jimmy Carter Library & Museum, where you'll see an exact replica of the Oval Office as it was when President Carter held office. You'll see some of the most important aspects of his life, including an actual 6th grade report card and his 2002 Nobel Peace Prize. No visit to Atlanta is complete without a trip to the Sweet Auburn District, the birthplace of Martin Luther King Jr. Arrange a tour of the MLK, Jr. National Historic site through the National Park Service.

The Buckhead neighborhood is popular for its dining and exclusive shopping experience. The Anis Bistro has been in operation since 1994 and serves French cuisine. Try the hearts of bib lettuce salad, which includes Roquefort, radish, radicchio, and pommery mustard vinaigrette, or the Poulet Roti, made with thyme-roasted free-range chicken. If you love to shop, book a Buckhead Legendary Shopping Package at one of Atlanta's participating hotels. If shopping isn't your preferred activity, visit the Atlanta Historic Center. It includes a history museum, the historic Swan House and Tullie Smith farm, historic gardens and the Kenan Research Center.

www.livestrong.com

Benefits of Deep Tissue Massage

Overview

Deep-tissue massage is a specific type of massage therapy that concentrates on the deep layers of muscle and fascia in the body; and recommended by many doctors as a treatment option. By using deep finger pressure and slow, firm strokes, deep tissue massage is used to treat a variety of physical ailments.

Benefits of Deep Tissue Massage — A woman is receiving a deep tissue massage. Photo Credit Jeffrey Banke/Hemera/Getty Images

The University of Maryland Medical Center reports that deep-tissue massage is more effective and affordable for relieving chronic pain than conventional medical remedies. Because deep-tissue massage increases the flow of blood through through the body, it helps reduce the inflammation that causes pain. Deep-tissue massage can also help alleviate muscle tension that is often a side effect of chronic pain by loosening the tight tissue clusters.

Deep-tissue massage helps ease stress and tension, which can have a beneficial effect on blood pressure. People who had a deep-tissue massage saw their systolic pressure drop by an average of 10.4 mm Hg and their diastolic pressure drop an average 5.3 mm Hg, according to a study cited by the University of Maryland Medical Center. Deep-tissue massage can help increase the body's production of serotonin, the hormone that promotes happiness and good feelings.

Over time, deep-tissue massage therapy can help break up and eventually erase scar tissue in the body. It does this by improving lymphatic circulation and drainage to improve flexibility and range of motion in the affected area. Scar tissue is often associated with ongoing pain and stiffness, so deep-tissue massage can improve these symptoms. Massage therapy is often recommended for people who are recovering from surgery.

Deep-tissue massage can be an effective treatment for injured muscles. Because it facilitates the movement of toxins from the muscles and helps stretch tight or twisted muscle mass, deep-tissue massage can help promote healing. Because massage also helps relax muscles, it can reduce the pain caused by injuries, too. Deep-tissue massage is frequently used to rehabilitate sports injuries.

For those people who suffer from chronic stress, and all of its various, possible side-effects like tension headaches, rigid shoulders and tight muscles; deep tissue massage can be a relief. During a session you can let it all go and give in to the healing. Once renewed and revitalized you'll be able to face your challenges more equitably.

www.livestrong.com

What Are the Most Common Symptoms of Stress?

Stress is the tension you feel when faced with a situation that is unpleasant or threatening. Although some stress is normal, too much stress can affect your mental and physical health. According to the American Psychological Association, stress is an underlying factor in chronic health conditions such as heart disease, migraine headaches, high blood pressure and stroke. While everyone responds to stress differently, there are some commonly reported symptoms.

Many people develop neck or back pain when they are under pressure. Although the reasons for this are unknown, some experts think it could be due to restricted blood flow to the affected areas. To relieve this tension, do some stretching exercises, or practice deep breathing for relaxation.

Frequently losing your temper or venting your emotions by raising your voice can be warning signs that you are experiencing significant amounts of stress. If you find that you are more irritable than usual, make a list of the possible stressors in your life and attempt to address them.

According to the Mayo Clinic, most headaches are not indicative of major health issues and are often a symptom of stress. Stress hormones can alter the level of certain chemicals in the brain, which may contribute to headaches. Tensing your muscles or grinding your teeth in response to stressful situations can aggravate the pain.

If you regularly get migraine headaches, stress may be a trigger for these attacks. However, if you have a headache that is sudden or severe, or that doesn't respond to over-the-counter pain medication, you should consult a physician immediately.

Tightness or pain in your stomach can be a symptom of stress. Because the colon is partially controlled by the nervous system, stress can sometimes cause colon spasms that lead to abdominal pain. Breathing exercises, mediation and yoga can help you relax your body, and often relieve this type of pain.

If you are feeling overwhelmed with obligations or consumed with worry about financial or family issues, you may have difficulty concentrating on work or school. Talking with friends, family or a health care provider is one way to address this issue. While you may not come up with solutions for your problems, talking may make you feel better.

www.livestrong.com

The Best of Woodwork 2012: 18 Makers Explore the Fundamentals of Design

THE WOODWORKING DESIGN COLLECTION - LIMITED QUANTITY AVAILABLE !

Format: Magazine Single Issue

Fundamentals of Design, editor's letter

Designer/builder David Trubridge once observed that we owe our survival as a species to design. Other animals were bigger, faster or stronger; since the Stone Age, we've had to rely on our ability to think about and improve our material conditions in order to get by, and eventually, to thrive. Today we live in a wholly designed world, and if we venture back into the wild, either for recreation or exploration, we are now equipped with the most sophisticated designs of garb and gear. And yet, in a world abuzz with "designer this" and "designer that," the actual meaning of the term has become harder to pin down. A very brief history of the last few millennia might help.

We fashioned our tools, our clothes, and eventually our shelter. Architecture was an early testing ground for design ideas, as mud and stick huts evolved into systems of construction that produced Egyptian pyramids, Greek temples and Buddhist shrines. Architectural design went hand in hand with discoveries in mathematics and science. Circles and squares informed the structure of the Chinese Imperial courts; the façade of the Greek Parthenon was based on the Golden Rectangle. The design manuals of the Roman Vitruvius and the Venetian Palladio set the course for Western architecture.

As our social and physical structures became more complex, we created more stuff to fill our needs … and all those interior spaces. Craft guilds flourished. Pattern books, such as those of Chippendale and Sheraton, standardized home furnishing designs and created influential and long-lasting styles. Both religious and secular movements set their stamp on design as well—Shaker in America, Zen in Japan, or Biedermeier in Germany, to name a few.

The transition from handwork to industrial production created a pronounced separation between designing and making, now become "fabricating." As commerce increasingly became the lens for regarding objects, pattern books morphed into sales catalogs. Reform movements like Arts & Crafts and Art Nouveau sought a return to pre-industrial times, but it was the Thonet Brothers who pioneered the successful integration of design, materials and new technology. The full embrace of industry set the direction for early 20th-century design, and in the age of Modernism, industrial designers became a breed apart. But late-century design took another tack, as the pluralism of '60s and '70s culture opened the way for smaller-scale design studios. It also laid the foundation for the reintegration of designing and building most relevant to today's woodworkers.

Woodwork magazine has always viewed craft and design as dual aspects in the continuous process of creating objects. This special issue brings together a collection of articles that survey both theoretical and practical examples of this twofold process and the diversity that results from each designer/builder's vision. I hope they expand your understanding of the design process, and inspire and guide you in your woodworking.

John Lavine, editor

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Spot tests for oxidative enzymes in ectomycorrhizal, wood and litter decaying fungi

Mycological Research

January 1998, Vol.102(1):67–72, doi:10.1017/S095375629700436X

G. Gramss

Th. Günther

W. Fritsche

Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Philosophenweg 12, D-07743 Jena, Germany

Accepted 9 April 1997. Available online 4 February 2008.

The formation of oxidases and peroxidases by newly isolated ectomycorrhizal fungi was examined with agar spot tests for tyrosinase, laccase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase as well as with the Bavendamm test. Extracellular peroxidase was released by virtually all isolates. Tyrosinase (taken as cresolase) was presumably intracellular and occurred in the majority of isolates. The strong laccase reaction was predominantly extracellular, although in some ectomycorrhizal genera the intracellular laccase seemed to dominate. Polyphenol oxidase, as the catecholase/monophenol monooxygenase complex, was found in all isolates although its detection was complicated in the presence of laccase. Lactarius and Russula and the possibly more saprotrophic Morchella showed the most intense enzyme reactions. A comparison with wood and litter decaying fungi indicated that at least some species of several ectomycorrhizal genera possess extracellular oxidative enzymes that are normally characteristic of white rot fungi. It is concluded that mycorrhizal fungi grown asymbiotically can release extracellular enzymes capable of oxidizing a wide range of aromatic compounds.

Copyright © 1998 British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

For further details log on website :

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0953756208608370

Blog List

Thursday, 19 May 2016

Abstract

Keywords

Substitute Suggestions

Reduced-Fat Suggestions

Cream-Based Ingredients

Fried and Baked Chicken

Dairy-Free Alternative

Considerations

Offbeat Parades

Join the Krewe

For the Love of Waffles

Ain't Nothin' But a Groundhog

Go Downtown

Golf and More

Trails and Pathways

Current Events and History

The Buckhead Experience

Reduces Chronic Pain

Improves Blood Pressure

Breaks Up Scar Tissue

Rehabilitates Injured Muscles

Stress Relief

Muscle Tension

Trouble Sleeping

Irritability

Headaches

Stomachaches

Difficulty Concentrating