Review of Green Polymer Nanocomposites

Author

DOI: 10.4236/jmmce.2012.114028    

Author(s)   

Samson O. Adeosun, G. I. Lawal, Sambo A. Balogun, Emmanuel I. Akpan

Affiliation(s)

Department of Materials and Production Engineering, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

Recently, attention has been drawn to the use of bio-reinforced composites in automotive, construction, packaging and medical applications due to increased concern for environmental sustainability. Green polymer nanocomposites show unique properties of combining the advantages of natural fillers and organic polymers. Plant fibers are found suitable to reinforce polymers. They have relatively high strength and stiffness, low cost of acquisition, low density and produce low CO₂emission. They are also biodegradable and are annually renewable compared to other fibrous materials. Organic polymers on the other hand, are desirable because they are either recyclable or biodegradable without causing environmental hazards. This paper reviews current research efforts, techniques of production, trends, challenges and prospects in the field of green nanocomposites.

KEYWORDS

bio-reinforced composites; organic polymers; plant fibers; mechanical properties; environmental friendly

Cite this paper

S. Adeosun, G. Lawal, S. Balogun and E. Akpan, "Review of Green Polymer Nanocomposites," Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, Vol. 11 No. 4, 2012, pp. 385-416. doi: 10.4236/jmmce.2012.114028.

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Phentermine & Fluoxetine Diet

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by TRACII HANES 

While diet and exercise play a central role in weight management, additional measures are sometimes needed for high-risk cases. Phentermine — a prescription weight loss aid — and the antidepressant fluoxetine may be prescribed for severe obesity or treatment-resistant weight problems when other methods have failed. When added to a healthy diet, phentermine and fluoxetine may be helpful for weight loss.

Uses

Phentermine is a stimulant drug from the phenethylamine and amphetamine classes. It is prescribed as a weight loss aid and was once part of the diet drug combination Fen-Phen. Because of the risk for abuse, phentermine is usually reserved for patients with severe obesity that has not responded well to other treatments. Fluoxetine is a medication used to treat depressive disorders. Occasionally, it is prescribed for weight loss, erectile dysfunction and eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa.

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Effects

Fluoxetine is a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) that works by preventing the reuptake of serotonin in nerve synapses, resulting in higher levels of the neurotransmitter in the brain. Because serotonin affects appetite, fluoxetine can sometimes cause modest weight loss as a side effect. Phentermine works by speeding heart rate and metabolism, helping the body burn calories more efficiently. It also has an appetite suppressant effect that can be helpful for controlling food cravings and managing portion sizes.

Side Effects/Interactions

Both phentermine and fluoxetine can cause unwanted side effects in some users. Drug Information Online warns of the potential for interactions between the two drugs in the form of serotonin syndrome, a potentially deadly condition. Symptoms of serotonin syndrome include hallucinations, irritability, rapid heartbeat and coma.

Common side effects of phentermine include headache, hyperactivity, restlessness and insomnia. According to E Med TV, diarrhea, appetite loss, anxiety, weakness and nausea may occur in patients taking fluoxetine.

Safety Precautions

The safest and most effective method of weight loss is eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly. Only use phentermine and fluoxetine with a doctor’s supervision, and follow dosing directions carefully. Avoid taking phentermine with other stimulants such as caffeine or amphetamines, as this increases the risk for serious side effects. Tell your doctor about any side effects you experience while taking phentermine and fluoxetine promptly to prevent complications.

Considerations

Phentermine and fluoxetine are not a substitute for a healthy diet and exercise. If you experience persistent or severe side effects while taking these medications, seek immediate medical assistance.

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