Bromelain is a health supplement extracted from the juice and stems of pineapples. Bromelain supplements are used as an alternative medicine to treat numerous health conditions, especially swelling and inflammation. Although bromelain is typically safe, it may cause mild side effects, including an increased risk of excess bleeding, which may cause interactions with blood-thinning medications. As with any health supplement, consult your doctor before taking bromelain.
Interactions with Blood Thinners
Bromelain can potentially reduce the ability of the blood to clot, warns MedlinePlus. When blood-clotting is slowed, the risk of excess bleeding increases. This risk is further increased if you take bromelain at the same time as other medications that also slow blood clotting. Several over-the-counter pain medications can slow blood-clotting, including ibuprofen, aspirin and naproxen. Ask your doctor before taking bromelain at the same time as ibuprofen or other pain relievers.
Mechanism
The mechanism behind bromelain's effect on blood clotting involves a process called platelet aggregation. Platelets are specialized red blood cells that clump together to form blood clots; this is platelet aggregation. When added to platelets in a laboratory setting, bromelein inhibits the ability of platelets to aggregate together into blood clots, according to a paper published in the January-February 1999 issue of the medical journal "In Vivo." By inhibiting platelet aggregation, bromelain reduces the ability of blood to form clots.
Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen belongs to the class of drugs known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs. Ibuprofen and other NSAIDs also inhibit the ability of platelets to aggregate and form blood clots, according to MedlinePlus. Taking two chemicals that both inhibit platelet aggregation magnifies the inhibitory effect on blood clotting and greatly increases the risk of excess bleeding or bruising.
Other Side Effects
Bromelain may cause other mild side effects such as upset stomach, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. In women, bromelain supplements may result in heavy menstrual bleeding. People who are allergic to pineapples may experience an allergic reaction to bromelain, including hives, rash, runny nose, congestion or wheezing. Bromelain may also cause potentially harmful interactions with sedatives or antibiotic medications.
www.livestrong.com
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