Differences of Wood Elements of Prosopis laevigata from Two Areas of Northeast Mexico

Published Date

DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2013.45A009

Author(s)   

Artemio Carrillo-Parra, Rahim Foroughbakhch-Pournavab, Verónica Bustamante-García, Sadoth Sandoval-Torres, Fortunato Garza-Ocañas, Sergio Moreno-Limón

Affiliation(s)

Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Untónoma de Nuevo León, Linares, México;.

Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Uni- versidad Uutónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, México.

Instituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera, Universi- dad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, México.

Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Oaxaca de Juárez, México..

Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Untónoma de Nuevo León, Linares, México.

Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Uni- versidad Uutónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, México

ABSTRACT

Anatomical features of wood have a great variation among species as a result of genetic and environmental factors. The anatomical heartwood characteristics of Prosopis laevigata species from two areas with differences on temperature and rain precipitation on northeast Mexico were compared. Fibers length (μm), diameter of vessels (μm), and the area of the vessels (μm^-2) were measured using light microscopy coupled with a digitized-image analysis system. The differences were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance. Statistical differences between fibers length (p < 0.0001) and diameter of the vessels (p < 0.001) from the two localities were found. The locality Linares, Nuevo León, Mexico, with higher precipitation and lower temperature, showed higher fiber length and higher diameter of the vessels than China, Nuevo León. Hard environmental conditions, where low precipitation values and high temperatures prevail, condition P. laevigata trees do reduce the risk of losing water.

References

[1]	L. Poorter, L. Bongers and F. Bongers, “Architecture of 54 Moist-Forest Tree Species: Traits, Trade-Offs, and Functional Groups,” Ecology, Vol. 87, No. 5, 2006, pp. 1289-1301. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1289:AOMTST]2.0.CO;2
[2]	T. J. Wodzicki, “Natural Factors Affecting Wood Structure,” Wood Science and Technology, Vol. 35, No. 1-2, 2001, pp. 5-26. doi:10.1007/s002260100085
[3]	L. Poorter, I. McDonald, A. Alarcón, E. Fichtler, J. Licona, M. Pe?a-Claros, et al., “The Importance of Wood Traits and Hydraulic Conductance for the Performance and Life History Strategies of 42 Rainforest Tree Species,” New phytologist, Vol. 185, No. 2, 2010, pp. 481- 492. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03092.x
[4]	A. E. Zanne, M. Westoby, D. S. Falster, D. D. Ackerly, S. R. Loarie, S. E. J. Arnold, et al., “Angiopsperm Wood Structure: Global Patterns in Vessel Anatomy and Their Relation to Wood Density and Potential Conductivity,” American Journal of Botany, Vol. 97, No. 2, 2010, pp. 207-215. doi:10.3732/ajb.0900178
[5]	N. J. B. Kraft, M. R. Metz, R. S. Condit and J. Chave, “The Relationship between Wood Density and Mortality in a Global Tropical Forest Data Set,” Vol. 188, No. 4, New Phytologist, 2010, pp. 1124-1136. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03444.x
[6]	J. Chirkova, I. Andersone, I. Irbe, B. Spince and B. Andersons, “Lignins as Agents for Bio-Protection of Wood,” Holzforschung, Vol. 65, 2011, pp. 497-502. doi:10.1515/hf.2011.092
[7]	P. Bass, “Systematic, Phylogenetic and Ecological Wood Anatomy-History and Perspectives,” In: P. Bass, Ed., New Perspectives in Wood Anatomy, Martinus Nijhoff, Boston, 1982, pp. 23-58.
[8]	N. A. V. D. Graaff and P. Baas, “Wood Anatomical Variation in Relation to Latitude and Altitude,” Blumea, Vol. 22, No. 1, 1974, pp. 101-121. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-2418-0_2
[9]	S. Carlquist, “Comparative Wood Anatomy,” Springer- Verlag, Berlin, 1988, p. 457.
[10]	J. Barajas-Morales, “Wood Structural Differences between Trees of Two Tropical Forests in Mexico,” International Aviation Womens Association, Vol. 6, No. 4, 1985, pp. 355-364.
[11]	R. Wimmer and M. Grabner, “A Comparison of Tree- Ring Features in Picea abies as Correlated with Climate,” International Association of Wood Anatomists Journal, Vol. 21, No. 4, 2000, pp. 403-416. doi:10.1163/22941932-90000256
[12]	A. Fahn and E. Werker, “The Vascular Cambium,” Taunton, 1990.
[13]	P. E. Villagra, R. Villalba and J. A. Boninsegna, “Dendrocronología de los Algarrobales de la Zona árida Argentian,” SECEDOC, 2002, pp. 53-57.
[14]	A. Burkart, “A Monograph of the Genus Prosopis (Leguminosae subfam. Mimosoideae),” Journal of Arnold Arboretum, Vol. 57, 1976, pp. 219-249, 450-525.
[15]	USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxgenform.pl?language=en
[16]	R. Villalba, “Xilem Structure and Cambial Activity in Prosopis flexuosa D.C.,” IAWA Bulletin, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1985, pp. 119-130.
[17]	M. Iqbal and A. K. M. Ghouse, “An Analytical Study on Cell Size Variation in Some Arid Zone Trees of India: Acacia nilotica and Prosopis spicigera,” IAWA Bulletin, Vol. 4, No. 1, 1983, pp. 46-52.
[18]	M. A. Castro, “Maderas Argentinas de Prosopis,” Secretaría General de la Presidencia de la Nación, Atlas Anatómico, Buenos Aires, 1994.
[19]	P. Villagra, “Wood Structure of Prosopis alpataco and P. argentina Growing under Different Edaphic Conditions,” IAWA Journal, Vol. 18, No. 1, 1997, pp. 37-51.
[20]	H. G. Richter, “Commercial Timbers: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification and Information Retrieval in English, French, German, and Spanish,” 2000. http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/wood/english/
[21]	B. López, “Wood Anatomy, Description of Annual Rings, and Responses to ENSO Events of Prosopis pallida H.B.K., a Wide-Spread Woody Plant of Arid and Semi- Arid Lands of Latin America,” Journal of Arid Environments, Vol. 61, No. 4, 2005, pp. 541-554. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.10.008
[22]	G. Scholz, “Holzeigenschaften und Verwendungspotentiale der Baumarten Prosopis Kuntzei Harms. und Schinopsis cornuta Loes. aus dem Chaco Paraguays,” Holztechnologie, Vol. 46, 2005, pp. 18-25.
[23]	A. Carrillo, I. Mayer, G. Koch and F. Hapla, “Wood Anatomical Characteristics and Chemical Composition of Prosopis laevigata Grown in the Northeast of Mexico,” IAWA Journal, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2008, pp. 25-34. doi:10.1163/22941932-90000167
[24]	J. Navar and R. B. Bryan, “Fitting the Analytical Model of Rainfall Interception of Gash to Individual Shrubs of Semiarid Vegetation in Northeastern Mexico,” Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 68, No. 93, 1994, pp. 133-143. doi:10.1016/0168-1923(94)90032-9
[25]	J. Návar, F. Charles and E. Jurado, “Spatial Variations of Interception Loss Components by Tamaulipan thornscrub in Northeastern Mexico,” Forest Ecology and Management, Vol. 124, No. 2-3, 1999, pp. 231-239. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00077-8
[26]	J. Rzedowski, “Vegetación de México,” Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, 2006.
[27]	M. Giantomasi, F. Ju?ent, P. Villagra and A. Srur, “Annual Variation and Influence of Climate on the Ring Width and Wood Hydrosystem of DC Trees Using Image Analysis,” Trees—Structure and Function, Vol. 23, No. 1, 2009, pp. 117-126.
[28]	L. Corcuera, J. Camarero and E. Gil-Pelegrín, “Effects of a Severe Drought on Quercus Ilex Radial Growth and Xylem Anatomy,” Trees, Vol. 18, No. 1, 2004, pp. 83-92. doi:10.1007/s00468-003-0284-9

For further details log on website :
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=32255