Synthesis of bio-adhesives from soybean flour and furfural: Relationship between furfural level and sodium hydroxide concentration

Published Date
December 2015, Vol.63:74–78, doi:10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2015.08.007

Author 

Emmanuel Lépine ^a

Bernard Riedl ^a,,

Xiang-Ming Wang ^b

Antonio Pizzi ^c

Luc Delmotte ^d

Jean-Michel Hardy ^a

Mailane Junkes Raizer Da Cruz ^e

aDepartment of Forest and Wood Science, Laval University, Québec, Canada

bEngineered Wood Products Manufacturing, FPInnovations, Québec, Canada

cENSTIB-LERMAB, University of Nancy-I, BP1041, 88051 Épinal Cedex 9, France

dINC, IS2M, University of Mulhouse/CNRS, Mulhouse, France

eSchool of Forestry Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil

Accepted 13 August 2015. Available online 20 August 2015. 

Abstract

Soybean–furfural (SoyFu) adhesives were synthesized through cross-linking soybean flour with furfural under alkaline conditions and the performance of the resulting bio-adhesives was evaluated by manufacturing plywood panels. A total of 30 different bio-adhesive formulations were studied (5 levels of furfural content and 6 levels of sodium hydroxide or pH). Thirty 2-ply plywood panels prepared with these adhesives were pressed at 140 °C for 4 min. Shear tests were performed on the panels according to ASTM D2339-1998 (2004). The statistical analysis indicated that an interaction existed between furfural (crosslinker) and sodium hydroxide (pH) levels. The best quality panels were produced using adhesives containing high levels of sodium hydroxide (12, 20 and 28 g/100 g soy flour) and high levels of furfural (50 and 100 g/100 g soy flour). ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses were also performed on a selected formulation. The spectra analysis, however, did not prove that furfural was involved in covalent or ionic bonds with soybean flour.

Keywords

Soybean flour

Furfural

Wood bio-adhesive

Veneer

¹³C NMR

Crosslinker

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