Floristic study of Cheondeungsan Mountain in Korea

Published Date
30 September 2014, Vol.7(3):308–318, doi:10.1016/j.japb.2014.07.002
Open Access, Creative Commons license, Funding information

Author 

Ro-Young Lee ^a

Min-Su Park ^b

Hyun-Do Jang ^c

Sungyu Yang ^c

Chang-Seok Jang ^c

Ki-Hong Kim^c

Byoung-Un Oh ^c,,

aDepartment of Variety Examination, National Forest Seed and Variety Center, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-941, South Korea

bHerbal Medicine Research Division, Herbal Research Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-700, South Korea

cDepartment of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea

Received 11 July 2014. Revised 18 July 2014. Accepted 21 July 2014. Available online 2 August 2014.

Abstract

The distribution of native plants of Cheondeungsan Mountain (807 m, N 37°05'00“–37°05'30”, E 128°00'0“–128°02'0”) in Chungcheongbuk-do was determined and the major flora were identified. During field investigations carried out from May 2011 to October 2011, 87 families, 254 genera, and 369 taxonomic groups (327 species, 4 subspecies, 33 varieties, and 5 forms) were confirmed, and the distribution of 219 taxonomic groups was discovered for the first time. The distribution of four endemic plants of Korea, including Ajuga spectabilis Nakai and Salvia chanryoenica Nakai, and that of Penthorum chinense Pursh, a Grade V specific plant species, was found. There were 20 taxa of naturalized plants at Cheondeungsan; the growth and development of plants that are harmful to the ecosystem, such as Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Ambrosia trifida L., Eupatorium rugosum Houtt., and Aster pilosusWilld., was observed around the forest paths and lowlands.

Keywords

• Cheondeungsan
• Endemic plants
• Flora
• Korea
• Vascular plants

---

Introduction

Administratively, Cheondeungsan Mountain (807 m, north latitude 37°05′00″–37°05′30″ and east longitude 128°00′00″–128°02′30″) is located on the border between Sancheok-myeon in Chungju-si and Baegun-myeon in Jecheon-si. Topographically, it is the vein of the Charyeong Mountain Range and is located on the northeast part of the Chungju basin. To it's south is located Indeungsan Mountain (665 m) and to the north are Sirangsan Mountain (691 m) and Bakdaljae Pass. Cheondeungsan has deep valleys which give rise to the development of many small streams. The mountain stream that flows along the northeast slope becomes the Jecheongang River and flows into Chungjuho Lake, while the mountain stream on the southwest slope flows into the Namhangang River.

The area of investigation was north of the Sobaek Mountain Range, where the metasedimentary and granite rocks have been greatly affected by folds and faults. It has a very complex geological structure as a result of the rock types present, the distribution of strata, and the interrelationship of the rocks and strata. The mountainous area of Cheondeungsan is a gneiss residuum and the soil has good drainage. The surface soil layer is composed of soil containing dark brown gravel (Kang and Park, 2002). The annual average temperature at Cheondeungsan is 11.2°C, annual average rainfall is 1212.7 mm, and it displays a typical central continental climate (Korea Meteorological Administration, 2011).

A study on the flora of this region was carried out in the past by Kang and Ko (2002)and, together with the voucher specimens, a total of 311 taxa were reported. The plant list included planted vegetation such as Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., Prunus salicina Lindl., and Prunus yedoensis Matsum., and erroneously identified taxa such as Artemisia sylvatica Maxim., Artemisia montana (Nakai) Pamp., and Corydalis turtschaninovii var. pectinata (Maxim.) Nakai, therefore this cannot be viewed as an accurate list of the native plants of Cheondeungsan.

However, in this study, voucher specimens were collected through field investigations at Cheondeungsan. Based on the data on vascular plants drafted using the voucher specimens, the accurate distribution of vascular plants in the region and the spontaneous areas of endemic plants and other major plants were identified, to check the invasion of naturalized plants and collect basic data for the preservation of natural resources in this region in the future. In addition, we conducted this study in order to confirm the distributional characteristics of plants of Cheondeungsan and provide complete information on the floristic data.

Materials and methods

This study was carried out based on four field-investigation results from May 29 to October 18, 2011 (Figure 1 and Table 1). During the field investigations, only those plants with reproductive organs such as flowers, fruits, and spores were collected as voucher specimens to maintain accuracy, and the collected specimens were stored at the Chungbuk National University Herbarium. Using the illustrative guides of Lee, 1996, Lee, 2003 and Lee, 2006 and Park (2009). The use of scientific names was in accordance with the Korea National Arboretum and the Plant Taxonomic Society of Korea (2007). For the specific plants of the investigated area, the data of Oh et al. (2005), the Korea National Arboretum (2008), the Ministry of Environment, 2006, Ministry of Environment, 2009 and Park, 2009, and Lee et al. (2011) were considered.

Figure 1. Area investigated (Cheondeungsan) in this study.

Table 1. Dates and routes of investigations.

No.	Date	Investigation routes
1	May 29, 2011	A: Yeongdeok-ri → Forest road → Swaemaegigogae (hill)
		B: Cheondeungsa (temple) → 491 m hill → Dongsam-yeon
2	Jun 11, 2011	A: Neureupjae (hill) → Southern forest road → Darakjae (hill) → Western forest road → Pavilion → Northern forest road → Seokcheon-ri
		B: Northern forest road → Anbu → Northern slope → 638Goji → Northeastern slope → Dongbong → Northern valley → Forest road
3	Sep 5, 2011	A: Northern forest road → Seokcheon tri-way intersection → Seokcheon-ri → Songgang-ri (Gwangdong)
		B: Northern forest road → Northwestern slope → Sobong → Northern slope → Peak → Southern slope
4	Oct 18, 2011	Neureupjae (hill) → Samtan, Songgang-ri (Gwangdong) → Northern forest road → Seokcheon-ri → Aeryeon-ri

Results

Vascular plants of Cheondeungsan according to voucher specimens

The vascular plants of Cheondeungsan found in this investigation included 87 families, 254 genera, 327 species, four subspecies, 33 varieties, and five forms for a total of 369 taxa. There were seven families, 13 genera, 18 species, and one variation (5.1%) for pteridophyta; one family, two genera, and two species (0.5%) for gymnosperm; 67 families, 191 genus, 240 species, four subspecies, 23 variations, and five forms (73.6%) for angiosperm; and 12 families, 48 genera, 68 species, and nine variations (20.8%) for monocotyledons (Table 2 and Appendix 1). In the tree layer of the investigated area, Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. and Quercus variabilis Blume. were the dominant species; Carpinus cordata Blume, Betula davurica Pall., and Quercus acutissima Carruth were also found. In the subtree layer, Platycarya strobilacea Siebold & Zucc., Morus bombycis Koidz., and Robinia pseudoacacia L. were relatively commonly found. In the shrub layer, which makes up the lower structure, Lespedeza bicolor Turcz., Lespedeza maximowiczii C.K. Schneid., and Rhododendron schlippenbachii Maxim. grew commonly, while in the herb layer, there were Impatiens textori Miq., Chelidonium majus var. asiaticum (Hara) Ohwi, Lysimachia clethroides Duby, and Convallariai keiskei Miq. In the fallow grounds of the lowland, there were wetland plants such as Rotala pusilla Tul., Eriocaulon robustius (Maxim.) Makino, Sagittaria aginashi Makino, and Monochoria vaginalis var. plantaginea (Roxb.) Solms.

Table 2. Summary of the floristics of Cheondeungsan Mountain.

Taxa	Family	Genera	Species	Subspecies	Variety	Form	Total	Ratio
Pteridophyta	7	13	18	–	1	–	19	5.1
Gymnospermae	1	2	2	–	–	–	2	0.5
Angiospermae
Dicotyledons	67	191	239	4	23	5	272	73.6
Monocotyledons	12	48	68	–	9	–	77	20.8
Total	87	254	327	4	33	5	370	100

Above an altitude of 400 m, the environment of the forest vegetation was relatively good and favored the growth of Q. mongolica Fisch. and Q. variabilis Blume. However, in lowland areas (below 400 m) there was human interference, with relatively large areas being used as orchards and Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carrière forests; thus, these areas have relatively simple vegetation. Lowland areas comprise both housing and farming areas, and thus have a high density of naturalized plants.

Compared with previous studies (Kang and Ko, 2002) on the flora of Cheondeungsan, a total of 159 taxa such as Asarum sieboldii Miq., Lamium amplexicaule L., and Taraxacum coreanum Nakai were not found in this investigation. On the other hand, a total of 219 taxa such as Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus (Rupr. & Maxim.) S.Y.Hu, R. pusilla Tul., Salvia chanryoenica Nakai, and Scopolia japonicaMaxim were newly found. These are indicated by an asterisk (∗) in the plant list (Appendix 1).

Considering the starting period for the investigation and that the study was carried out for a short period of time, while conducting additional studies to include spring plants in the future, it is judged that more plants can be discovered in the future, and thus, long-term investigation plans should be established.

Endemic plants of Korea

Endemic plants of Korea, the distribution of which was confirmed around Cheondeungsan, include four taxa: Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey, Ajuga spectabilis Nakai, S. chanryoenica Nakai, and Philadelphus schrenkii Rupr., These account for approximately 0.8% of all vascular plants in Cheondeungsan (Table 3). A small amount of S. chanryoenica Nakai was found to grow near the summit. Currently, construction work is being carried out near this location. This construction work should be undertaken in such a way that the spontaneous land is not destroyed.

Table 3. List of the Korean endemic plants of Cheondeungsan Mountain.

No.	Family name	Taxa
1	Caprifoliaceae	Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey 병꽃나무
2	Labiatae	Ajuga spectabilis Nakai 자란초
3	Labiatae	Salvia chanryoenica Nakai 참배암차즈기
4	Saxifragaceae	Phiadelphus schrenkii Rupr. 고광나무

Floristic regional plants

For the floristic-specific plant species designated by the Ministry of Environment, one taxon such as Penthorum chinense Pursh was in the fifth degree, and 10 taxa, including S. japonica Maxim., S. chanryoenica Nakai, Indigofera pseudotinctoriaMatsum., B. davurica Pall., and Diarrhena fauriei (Hack.) Ohwi, were in the third degree for a total of 11 taxa (approximately 2.9%) (Table 4). Meanwhile, it was found that the fourth-degree species Wisteria floribunda (Willd.) DC. was planted, therefore it was excluded from the list of native plants. P. chinense Pursh was found on the riverside between Seokcheon-ri and Aeryeon-ri, and S. japonica Maxim. was found in small amounts in the valley from the eastern peak toward the northern slope.

Table 4. List of fifth- to third-degree taxa floristic regional plants of Cheondeungsan Mountain.

No.	Family name	Taxa	Degree
1	Crassulaceae	Penthorum chinense Pursh 낙지다리	V (1 taxon)
2	Betulaceae	Betula davurica Pall 물박달나무	III (10 taxa)
3	Cruciferae	Arabis pendula L. 느러진장대
4	Ericaceae	Vaccinium hirtum var. koreanum (Nakai) Kitam. 산앵도나무
5	Gramineae	Diarrhena fauriei (Hack.) Ohwi 광릉용수염
6	Labiatae	Salvia chanryoenica Nakai 참배암차즈기
7	Leguminosae	Indigofera pseudotinctoria Matsum. 낭아초
8	Liliaceae	Veratrum maackii Regel 긴잎여로
9	Ranunculaceae	Aconitum longecassidatum Nakai 흰진범
10	Saxifragaceae	Mukdenia rossii (Oliv.) Koidz. 돌단풍
11	Solanaceae	Scopolia japonica Maxim. 미치광이풀

Naturalized plants

The naturalized plants of Cheondeungsan found in this study comprised 20 taxa, including Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Eupatorium rugosum Houtt., and Fallopia dumetorum (L.) (approximately 5.4%) (Table 5). The naturalized index (number of taxa of naturalized plants/number of taxa of distributed plants × 100) of the investigation area was 5.42% and the urbanization index (number of taxa of naturalized plants/number of taxa of naturalized plants of South Korea × 100) was 6.45%. The naturalized plants in this region increased about two-fold compared to the 10 taxa reported in previous studies (Kang and Ko, 2002). However, the reason for this may be the inclusion of lowlands such as street sides and places around housing and farming areas in the investigation area.

Table 5. List of the naturalized plants of Cheondeungsan Mountain.

No.	Family name	Taxa
1	Amaranthaceae	Amaranthus blitum L. 개비름
2	Amaranthaceae	Amaranthus patulus Bertol. 가는털비름
3	Caryophyllaceae	Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. 유럽점나도나물
4	Chenopodiaceae	Chenopodium album L. 흰명아주
5	Compositae	Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. 돼지풀
6	Compositae	Ambrosia trifida L. 단풍잎돼지풀
7	Compositae	Aster pilosus Willd. 미국쑥부쟁이
8	Compositae	Bidens frondosa L. 미국가막사리
9	Compositae	Carduus crispus L. 지느러미엉겅퀴
10	Compositae	Coreopsis lanceolata L. 큰금계국
11	Compositae	Erechtites hieracifolia Raf. 붉은서나물
12	Compositae	Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. 개망초
13	Compositae	Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. 서양등골나물
14	Convolvulaceae	Ipomoea purpurea Roth 둥근잎나팔꽃
15	Gramineae	Eragrostis curvula Nees 능수참새그령
16	Leguminosae	Robinia pseudoacacia L. 아까시나무
17	Leguminosae	Trifolium repens L. 토끼풀
18	Onagraceae	Oenothera biennis L. 달맞이꽃
19	Polygonaceae	Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub 닭의덩굴
20	Simaroubaceae	Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle 가죽나무

Meanwhile, A. artemisiifolia L., Ambrosia trifida L., and E. rugosum Houtt., which are categorized as plants that harm the ecosystem, were found in high numbers near Samtan Station and Chungjuho, while Aster pilosus Willd. was found to be distributed all around the forest paths and lowlands of Cheondeungsan. Because their seeds and roots can be dispersed easily by soil or wind over long distances, it is most effective to remove them in their early growth stage, and it is necessary to manage them by restricting the movement of soil containing their seeds or parts of their plants.

Discussion

Cheondeungsan is classified as the Central Province of the floristic regions in the Korean peninsula (Lee and Yim, 2002). This region is occupied by the endemic plants of the central area such as S. chanryoenica Nakai, and the central southern or the central northern floristic elements such as A. spectabilis Nakai and Arabis pendula L.; together forming the distributional characteristics of the Central Province. The forest vegetation distributed throughout this mountain (above 400 m) shows the vegetation type of Lindero-Quercion mongolicae, which is characterized as the central mountain type and the forest vegetation type (Kim, 2006).

Meanwhile, the forest roads in the investigation region are well developed, so that naturalized plants may actively invade this region. As found in this research, A. pilosus Willd., Eragrostis curvula Nees, and Oenothera biennis L. are widely distributed across the areas near the forest roads, threatening the growth of native plants. In particular, A. pilosus Willd., A. artemisiifolia L., A. trifida L., and E. rugosumHoutt., the species that disturb the ecology, are widely spread throughout the areas near the forest roads and the lowlands. Appropriate steps are needed to prevent the spread of these species.

Acknowledgments

This study was carried out as a part of the research project, “Basal study for secure sovereignty over Korean native plants” (project number: S111114L040100) supported by the Korea Forest Service in 2014.

Appendix 1 List of vascular plants of Cheondeungsan including voucher specimens.

Dennstaedtiaceae (잔고사리과)

• 1.
  Dennstaedtia hirsuta (Sw.) Mett. ex Miq. 잔고사리; cheondeung-110905-212, cheondeung-111018-049
• 2.
  Dennstaedtia wilfordii (Moore) Christ 황고사리*; cheondeung-110711-004, cheondeung-111018-046
• 3.
  Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum (Desv.) Und. ex Heller. 고사리; cheondeung-110711-246

Davalliaceae (넉줄고사리과)

• 4.
  Davallia mariesii Moore ex Bak. 넉줄고사리; cheondeung-110905-080

Parkeriaceae (공작고사리과)

• 5.
  Coniogramme intermedia Hieron 고비고사리*; cheondeung-110905-064

Aspleniaceae (꼬리고사리과)

• 6.
  Asplenium incisum Thunb. 꼬리고사리; cheondeung-110905-187

Dryopteridaceae (면마과)

• 7.
  Dryopteris chinensis (Bak.) Koidz. 가는잎족제비고사리; cheondeung-110711-093, cheondeung-111018-052
• 8.
  Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai 관중; cheondeung-110711-099, cheondeung-110905-086
• 9.
  Dryopteris lacera (Thunb.) Kuntze 비늘고사리*; cheondeung-110905-181, cheondeung-111018-054
• 10.
  Dryopteris monticola (Makino) C.Chr. 왕지네고사리*; cheondeung-110905-182
• 11.
  Dryopteris sacrosancta Koidz. 애기족제비고사리*; cheondeung-111018-051
• 12.
  Polystichum ovatopaleaceum var. coraiense (Christ) Kurata 참나도히초미*; cheondeung-111018-008

Woodsiaceae (우드풀과)

• 13.
  Athyrium yokoscense (Franch. & Sav.) Christ 뱀고사리; cheondeung-110905-055, cheondeung-111018-053
• 14.
  Cornopteris crenulatoserrulata (Makino) Nakai 응달고사리*; cheondeung-110905-126
• 15.
  Deparia coreana (Christ) M.Kato 곱새고사리*; cheondeung-110711-223, cheondeung-110905-205
• 16.
  Deparia pycnosora (Christ) M.Kato 털고사리*; cheondeung-110711-096
• 17.
  Onoclea orientalis (Hk.) Hk. 개면마*; cheondeung-110905-091
• 18.
  Woodsia polystichoides D.C.Eaton 우드풀*; cheondeung-110905-067

Polypodiaceae (고란초과)

• 19.
  Lepisorus ussuriensis (Regel & Maack) Ching 산일엽초*; cheondeung-110711-184

Pinaceae (소나무과)

• 20.
  Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carriére 일본잎갈나무; cheondeung-110529-003
• 21.
  Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc. 소나무*; cheondeung-110529-045, cheondeung-110711-267

Juglandaceae (가래나무과)

• 22.
  Platycarya strobilacea Siebold & Zucc. 굴피나무*; cheondeung-110711-262

Betulaceae (자작나무과)

• 23.
  Alnus sibirica Fisch. ex Turcz. 물오리나무; cheondeung-110711-234
• 24.
  Betula davurica Pall. 물박달나무; cheondeung-110711-051
• 25.
  Carpinus cordata Blume 까치박달; cheondeung-110711-002
• 26.
  Corylus heterophylla Fisch. ex Trautv. 개암나무; cheondeung-110529-093, cheondeung-110711-247

Fagaceae (참나무과)

• 27.
  Castanea crenata Siebold & Zucc. 밤나무; cheondeung-110711-067
• 28.
  Quercus acutissima Carruth. 상수리나무; cheondeung-110711-259
• 29.
  Quercus dentata Thunb. 떡갈나무; cheondeung-110529-094
• 30.
  Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. 신갈나무; cheondeung-110711-248

Ulmaceae (느릅나무과)

• 31.
  Hemiptelea davidii (Hance) Planch. 시무나무; cheondeung-111018-030

Moraceae (뽕나무과)

• 32.
  Morus bombycis Koidz. 산뽕나무; cheondeung-110529-055, cheondeung-110711-135

Cannabaceae (삼과)

• 33.
  Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc. 환삼덩굴; cheondeung-110905-159

Urticaceae (쐐기풀과)

• 34.
  Boehmeria longispica Steud. 왜모시풀*; cheondeung-110711-037
• 35.
  Pilea japonica (Maxim.) Hand.-Mazz. 산물통이*; cheondeung-110905-084
• 36.
  Pilea mongolica Wedd. 모시물통이*; cheondeung-110905-082, cheondeung-111018-094

Loranthaceae (꼬리겨우살이과)

• 37.
  Viscum album var. coloratum (Kom.) Ohwi 겨우살이*; cheondeung-110905-031

Polygonaceae (마디풀과)

• 38.
  Fagopyrum esculentum Moench 메밀*; cheondeung-110905-146
• 39.
  Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub 닭의덩굴*; cheondeung-111018-027
• 40.
  Persicaria dissitiflora (Hemsl.) H.Gross ex Mori 가시여뀌*; cheondeung-110711-057, cheondeung-110905-001
• 41.
  Persicaria filiformis (Thunb.) Nakai ex Mori 이삭여뀌*; cheondeung-110905-003
• 42.
  Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Spach 여뀌*; cheondeung-111018-073
• 43.
  Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Gray 흰여뀌*; cheondeung-110905-158, cheondeung-111018-095
• 44.
  Persicaria longiseta (Bruijn) Kitag. 개여뀌*; cheondeung-110905-007, cheondeung-111018-037
• 45.
  Persicaria nepalensis (Meisn.) H.Gross 산여뀌*; cheondeung-110905-207, cheondeung-111018-026
• 46.
  Persicaria posumbu var. laxiflora (Meisn.) H.Hara 장대여뀌*; cheondeung-110905-020
• 47.
  Persicaria sagittata (L.) H.Gross ex Nakai 미꾸리낚시*; cheondeung-110905-100, cheondeung-111018-039
• 48.
  Persicaria senticosa (Meisn.) H.Gross ex Nakai 며느리밑씻개*; cheondeung-110905-017
• 49.
  Persicaria thunbergii (Siebold & Zucc.) H.Gross ex Nakai 고마리*; cheondeung-110905-081, cheondeung-111018-042
• 50.
  Rumex acetosa L. 수영; cheondeung-110529-130, cheondeung-110711-112

Caryophyllaceae (석죽과)

• 51.
  Arenaria serpyllifolia L. 벼룩이자리; cheondeung-110529-196
• 52.
  Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. 유럽점나도나물*; cheondeung-110529-205
• 53.
  Cerastium holosteoides var. hallaisanense (Nakai) Mizush. 점나도나물*; cheondeung-110529-036
• 54.
  Dianthus chinensis L. 패랭이꽃; cheondeung-110711-167
• 55.
  Lychnis cognata Maxim. 동자꽃*; cheondeung-110711-111
• 56.
  Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax ex Pax & Hoffm. 개별꽃; cheondeung-110529-034
• 57.
  Silene firma Siebold & Zucc. 장구채*; cheondeung-110905-058, cheondeung-111018-011
• 58.
  Silene seoulensis Nakai 가는장구채*; cheondeung-110905-008
• 59.
  Stellaria alsine var. undulata (Thunb.) Ohwi 벼룩나물; cheondeung-110905-149
• 60.
  Stellaria aquatica (L.) Scop. 쇠별꽃; cheondeung-110529-195, cheondeung-110711-085, cheondeung-111018-019

Chenopodiaceae (명아주과)

• 61.
  Chenopodium album L. 흰명아주*; cheondeung-111018-059

Amaranthaceae (비름과)

• 62.
  Achyranthes japonica (Miq.) Nakai 쇠무릎*; cheondeung-110905-094, cheondeung-111018-035
• 63.
  Amaranthus blitum L. 개비름*; cheondeung-110905-198
• 64.
  Amaranthus patulus Bertol. 가는털비름*; cheondeung-110905-141

Lauraceae (녹나무과)

• 65.
  Lindera obtusiloba Blume 생강나무; cheondeung-110529-098, cheondeung-110711-202

Ranunculaceae (미나리아재비과)

• 66.
  Aconitum longecassidatum Nakai 흰진범*; cheondeung-110905-122
• 67.
  Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Maxim. 눈빛승마*; cheondeung-110905-124
• 68.
  Clematis heracleifolia DC. 병조희풀; cheondeung-110905-071
• 69.
  Clematis terniflora DC. 참으아리*; cheondeung-110711-045
• 70.
  Hepatica asiatica Nakai 노루귀*; cheondeung-110905-057
• 71.
  Pulsatilla koreana (Yabe ex Nakai) Nakai ex Mori 할미꽃; cheondeung-110529-097
• 72.
  Ranunculus japonicus Thunb. 미나리아재비*; cheondeung-110529-107
• 73.
  Ranunculus tachiroei Franch. & Sav. 개구리미나리*; cheondeung-110711-076

Berberidaceae (매자나무과)

• 74.
  Caulophyllum robustum Maxim. 꿩의다리아재비*; cheondeung-110711-162

Lardizabalaceae (으름덩굴과)

• 75.
  Akebia quinata (Thunb.) Decne. 으름덩굴; cheondeung-110711-197

Menispermaceae (새모래덩굴과)

• 76.
  Cocculus trilobus (Thunb.) DC. 댕댕이덩굴*; cheondeung-110711-069
• 77.
  Menispermum dauricum DC. 새모래덩굴; cheondeung-110529-164

Chloranthaceae (홀아비꽃대과)

• 78.
  Chloranthus japonicus Siebold 홀아비꽃대; cheondeung-110529-051, cheondeung-110905-066

Aristolochiaceae (쥐방울덩굴과)

• 79.
  Aristolochia contorta Bunge 쥐방울덩굴*; cheondeung-110711-178

Actinidiaceae (다래나무과)

• 80.
  Actinidia polygama (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. ex Maxim. 개다래; cheondeung-110711-008

Guttiferae (물레나물과)

• 81.
  Hypericum ascyron L. 물레나물; cheondeung-110711-053

Papaveraceae (양귀비과)

• 82.
  Chelidonium majus var. asiaticum (Hara) Ohwi 애기똥풀; cheondeung-110529-076, cheondeung-110711-255
• 83.
  Hylomecon vernalis Maxim. 피나물*; cheondeung-110905-189

Fumariaceae (현호색과)

• 84.
  Corydalis pauciovulata Ohwi 선괴불주머니*; cheondeung-110905-002, cheondeung-111018-024
• 85.
  Corydalis speciosa Maxim. 산괴불주머니; cheondeung-110529-029
• 86.
  Dicentra spectabilis (L.) Lem. 금낭화; cheondeung-110529-008

Cruciferae (십자화과)

• 87.
  Arabis glabra Bernh. 장대나물; cheondeung-110529-077
• 88.
  Arabis pendula L. 느러진장대*; cheondeung-110905-016
• 89.
  Barbarea orthoceras Ledeb. 나도냉이*; cheondeung-110529-139
• 90.
  Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) L.W.Medicus 냉이; cheondeung-110529-019
• 91.
  Cardamine flexuosa With. 황새냉이; cheondeung-110529-006, cheondeung-110711-081, cheondeung-111018-077
• 92.
  Cardamine impatiens L. 싸리냉이*; cheondeung-110529-024
• 93.
  Cardamine leucantha (Tausch) O.E.Schulz 미나리냉이; cheondeung-110529-065, cheondeung-110711-256
• 94.
  Dontostemon dentatus (Bunge) Ledeb. 가는장대*; cheondeung-110711-119
• 95.
  Draba nemorosa L. 꽃다지*; cheondeung-110529-117
• 96.
  Rorippa cantoniensis (Lour.) Ohwi 좀개갓냉이*; cheondeung-111018-064
• 97.
  Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern 개갓냉이*; cheondeung-111018-062
• 98.
  Rorippa palustris (Leyss.) Besser 속속이풀*; cheondeung-110711-080, cheondeung-111018-061

Crassulaceae (돌나물과)

• 99.
  Penthorum chinense Pursh 낙지다리*; cheondeung-111018-002
• 100.
  Sedum aizoon L. 가는기린초*; cheondeung-110711-050
• 101.
  Sedum kamtschaticum Fisch. & Mey. 기린초; cheondeung-110711-154, cheondeung-110905-076
• 102.
  Sedum polytrichoides Hemsl. 바위채송화*; cheondeung-110905-188

Saxifragaceae (범의귀과)

• 103.
  Astilbe rubra Hook.f. & Thomas ex Hook.f. 노루오줌*; cheondeung-110711-035
• 104.
  Deutzia uniflora Shirai 매화말발도리; cheondeung-110711-015, cheondeung-110905-079
• 105.
  Hydrangea serrata f. acuminata (Siebold & Zucc.) Wilson 산수국; cheondeung-110711-038
• 106.
  Mukdenia rossii (Oliv.) Koidz. 돌단풍*; cheondeung-111018-006
• 107.
  Philadelphus schrenkii Rupr. 고광나무; cheondeung-110711-203

Rosaceae (장미과)

• 108.
  Agrimonia coreana Nakai 산짚신나물*; cheondeung-110905-070
• 109.
  Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. 짚신나물; cheondeung-110711-075, cheondeung-110905-069
• 110.
  Agrimonia pilosa var. nipponica (Koidz.) Kitam. 좀짚신나물*; cheondeung-111018-044
• 111.
  Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge 산사나무*; cheondeung-110711-079
• 112.
  Geum aleppicum Jacq. 큰뱀무*; cheondeung-110711-058, cheondeung-110905-006
• 113.
  Potentilla chinensis Ser. 딱지꽃*; cheondeung-110711-022
• 114.
  Potentilla cryptotaeniae Maxim. 물양지꽃*; cheondeung-110711-020, cheondeung-111018-007
• 115.
  Potentilla freyniana Bornm. 세잎양지꽃; cheondeung-110529-135
• 116.
  Rosa multiflora Thunb. 찔레나무; cheondeung-110529-100
• 117.
  Rubus coreanus Miq. 복분자딸기; cheondeung-110711-173
• 118.
  Rubus crataegifolius Bunge 산딸기; cheondeung-110529-054, cheondeung-110711-245
• 119.
  Rubus parvifolius L. 멍석딸기*; cheondeung-110711-071
• 120.
  Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim. 곰딸기*; cheondeung-110711-054
• 121.
  Sanguisorba officinalis L. 오이풀; cheondeung-110905-042
• 122.
  Stephanandra incisa (Thunb.) Zabel 국수나무; cheondeung-110529-025, cheondeung-110711-127

Leguminosae (콩과)

• 123.
  Aeschynomene indica L. 자귀풀*; cheondeung-110905-137
• 124.
  Albizia julibrissin Durazz. 자귀나무*; cheondeung-110711-042
• 125.
  Amphicarpaea bracteata subsp. edgeworthii (Benth.) H.Ohashi 새콩*; cheondeung-110905-015
• 126.
  Chamaecrista nomame (Siebold) H.Ohashi 차풀*; cheondeung-110905-156
• 127.
  Desmodium podocarpum DC. 개도둑놈의갈고리*; cheondeung-110905-078
• 128.
  Desmodium oldhami Oliv. 큰도둑놈의갈고리*; cheondeung-110905-009
• 129.
  Indigofera kirilowii Maxim. ex Palib. 땅비싸리; cheondeung-110711-264
• 130.
  Indigofera pseudotinctoria Matsum. 낭아초*; cheondeung-110711-049
• 131.
  Lathyrus davidii Hance 활량나물*; cheondeung-110711-125
• 132.
  Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. 싸리; cheondeung-110711-060, cheondeung-110905-040
• 133.
  Lespedeza cuneata G.Don 비수리; cheondeung-111018-083
• 134.
  Lespedeza maximowiczii C.K.Schneid. 조록싸리; cheondeung-110711-148
• 135.
  Robinia pseudoacacia L. 아까시나무; cheondeung-110711-236
• 136.
  Sophora flavescens Solander ex Aiton 고삼; cheondeung-110711-237
• 137.
  Trifolium repens L. 토끼풀; cheondeung-110711-074
• 138.
  Vicia unijuga A.Braun 나비나물; cheondeung-110905-056
• 139.
  Wisteria floribunda (Willd.) DC. 등*; cheondeung-110711-242

Oxalidaceae (괭이밥과)

• 140.
  Oxalis corniculata L. 괭이밥*; cheondeung-111018-001
• 141.
  Oxalis stricta L. 선괭이밥*; cheondeung-110529-023

Geraniaceae (쥐손이풀과)

• 142.
  Geranium thunbergii Siebold & Zucc. 이질풀*; cheondeung-110905-005

Euphorbiaceae (대극과)

• 143.
  Acalypha australis L. 깨풀*; cheondeung-110905-201
• 144.
  Euphorbia sieboldiana Morren & Decne. 개감수*; cheondeung-110529-079
• 145.
  Phyllanthus ussuriensis Rupr. & Maxim. 여우주머니*; cheondeung-110905-151
• 146.
  Securinega suffruticosa (Pall.) Rehder 광대싸리; cheondeung-110711-010

Rutaceae (운향과)

• 147.
  Evodia daniellii Hemsl. 쉬나무*; cheondeung-110711-270
• 148.
  Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.) DC. 초피나무; cheondeung-110711-244
• 149.
  Zanthoxylum schinifolium Siebold & Zucc. 산초나무; cheondeung-110711-105, cheondeung-110905-019

Simaroubaceae (소태나무과)

• 150.
  Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle 가죽나무; cheondeung-110711-062
• 151.
  Picrasma quassioides (D.Don) Bennett 소태나무; cheondeung-110711-179

Anacardiaceae (옻나무과)

• 152.
  Rhus javanica L. 붉나무; cheondeung-110711-260
• 153.
  Rhus tricocarpa Miq. 개옻나무*; cheondeung-110529-063, cheondeung-110711-153, cheondeung-110905-043

Aceraceae (단풍나무과)

• 154.
  Acer pictum subsp. mono (Maxim.) Ohashi 고로쇠나무; cheondeung-110711-040
• 155.
  Acer pseudosieboldianum (Pax) Kom. 당단풍나무; cheondeung-110529-001, cheondeung-110711-011
• 156.
  Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala (Maxim.) Wesm. 신나무; cheondeung-110529-102, cheondeung-110711-249

Balsaminaceae (봉선화과)

• 157.
  Impatiens noli-tangere L. 노랑물봉선*; cheondeung-110905-014
• 158.
  Impatiens textori Miq. 물봉선*; cheondeung-110905-077
• 159.
  Impatiens textori var. koreana Nakai 흰물봉선*; cheondeung-110905-102

Celastraceae (노박덩굴과)

• 160.
  Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. 노박덩굴; cheondeung-110711-030, cheondeung-111018-028
• 161.
  Euonymus alatus f. ciliatodentatus (Franch. & Sav.) Hiyama 회잎나무*; cheondeung-110529-203
• 162.
  Tripterygium regelii Sprague & Takeda 미역줄나무*; cheondeung-110711-032

Staphyleaceae (고추나무과)

• 163.
  Staphylea bumalda DC. 고추나무; cheondeung-110529-061, cheondeung-110711-039

Vitaceae (포도과)

• 164.
  Ampelopsis brevipedunculata f. ciliata (Nakai) T.B.Lee 털개머루*; cheondeung-110711-078
• 165.
  Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. 담쟁이덩굴; cheondeung-110711-265

Tiliaceae (피나무과)

• 166.
  Corchoropsis tomentosa (Thunb.) Makino 수까치깨*; cheondeung-110905-108

Elaeagnaceae (보리수나무과)

• 167.
  Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. 보리수나무; cheondeung-110711-048

Violaceae (제비꽃과)

• 168.
  Viola acuminata Ledeb. 졸방제비꽃; cheondeung-110529-081, cheondeung-110905-047
• 169.
  Viola albida var. chaerophylloides (Regel) F.Maek. 남산제비꽃; cheondeung-110529-026
• 170.
  Viola rossii Hemsl. 고깔제비꽃; cheondeung-110905-177
• 171.
  Viola variegata Fisch. ex Link 알록제비꽃; cheondeung-110529-007, cheondeung-110905-004

Lythraceae (부처꽃과)

• 172.
  Rotala indica (Willd.) Koehne 마디꽃*; cheondeung-110905-135, cheondeung-111018-074
• 173.
  Rotala pusilla Tul. 가는마디꽃*; cheondeung-110905-131

Onagraceae (바늘꽃과)

• 174.
  Ludwigia prostrata Roxb. 여뀌바늘*; cheondeung-110905-154
• 175.
  Oenothera biennis L. 달맞이꽃; cheondeung-110711-018, cheondeung-110905-148

Alangiaceae (박쥐나무과)

• 176.
  Alangium platanifolium var. trilobum (Miq.) Ohwi 박쥐나무; cheondeung-110529-058, cheondeung-110711-028

Cornaceae (층층나무과)

• 177.
  Cornus controversa Hemsl. ex Prain 층층나무; cheondeung-110529-151, cheondeung-110711-024

Araliaceae (두릅나무과)

• 178.
  Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus (Rupr. & Maxim.) S.Y.Hu 오갈피나무*; cheondeung-110711-026

Umbelliferae (산형과)

• 179.
  Angelica dahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffm) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Franch. & Sav. 구릿대*; cheondeung-110905-095
• 180.
  Angelica decursiva (Miq.) Franch. & Sav. 바디나물; cheondeung-111018-043
• 181.
  Heracleum moellendorffii Hance 어수리; cheondeung-110711-095
• 182.
  Osmorhiza aristata (Thunb.) Makino & Yabe 긴사상자*; cheondeung-110711-041
• 183.
  Ostericum grosseserratum (Maxim.) Kitag. 신감채*; cheondeung-110905-193
• 184.
  Ostericum sieboldii (Miq.) Nakai 묏미나리*; cheondeung-111018-014
• 185.
  Peucedanum terebinthaceum (Fisch.) Fisch. ex DC. 기름나물; cheondeung-110905-178, cheondeung-111018-082
• 186.
  Pimpinella brachycarpa (Kom.) Nakai 참나물*; cheondeung-110905-065
• 187.
  Sanicula chinensis Bunge 참반디*; cheondeung-110711-047

Pyrolaceae (노루발과)

• 188.
  Pyrola japonica Klenze ex Alef. 노루발; cheondeung-110529-152, cheondeung-110711-065

Ericaceae (진달래과)

• 189.
  Rhododendron schlippenbachii Maxim. 철쭉; cheondeung-110711-101
• 190.
  Rhododendron yedoense f. poukhanense (H.Lév.) Sugim. 산철쭉; cheondeung-111018-004
• 191.
  Vaccinium hirtum var. koreanum (Nakai) Kitam. 산앵도나무; cheondeung-110711-227

Primulaceae (앵초과)

• 192.
  Lysimachia clethroides Duby 큰까치수염; cheondeung-110711-089
• 193.
  Lysimachia vulgaris var. davurica (Ledeb.) R.Kunth 좁쌀풀*; cheondeung-110711-073
• 194.
  Primula jesoana Miq. 큰앵초*; cheondeung-110711-094
• 195.
  Primula sieboldii E.Morren 앵초*; cheondeung-110529-071

Styracaceae (때죽나무과)

• 196.
  Styrax obassia Siebold & Zucc. 쪽동백나무; cheondeung-110529-039, cheondeung-110711-263

Symplocaceae (노린재나무과)

• 197.
  Symplocos chinensis f. pilosa (Nakai) Ohwi 노린재나무; cheondeung-110529-128, cheondeung-110711-025

Oleaceae (물푸레나무과)

• 198.
  Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance 물푸레나무; cheondeung-110711-013
• 199.
  Ligustrum obtusifolium Siebold & Zucc. 쥐똥나무; cheondeung-110529-167, cheondeung-110905-011

Rubiaceae (꼭두서니과)

• 200.
  Asperula maximowiczii Kom. 개갈퀴; cheondeung-110711-158, cheondeung-110905-180
• 201.
  Galium dahuricum Turcz. 큰잎갈퀴*; cheondeung-110711-131
• 202.
  Galium spurium var. echinospermum (Wallr.) Hayek 갈퀴덩굴; cheondeung-110529-099
• 203.
  Galium trifidum L. 가는네잎갈퀴*; cheondeung-110905-073
• 204.
  Galium verum var. asiaticum Nakai 솔나물*; cheondeung-110711-241

Convolvulaceae (메꽃과)

• 205.
  Calystegia hederacea Wall. 애기메꽃*; cheondeung-110711-121
• 206.
  Calystegia sepium var. japonicum (Choisy) Makino 메꽃*; cheondeung-110711-019
• 207.
  Ipomoea purpurea Roth 둥근잎나팔꽃*; cheondeung-111018-072

Boraginaceae (지치과)

• 208.
  Trigonotis peduncularis (Trevir.) Benth. ex Hemsl. 꽃마리; cheondeung-110529-119
• 209.
  Trigonotis radicans var. sericea (Maxim.) H.Hara 참꽃마리; cheondeung-110529-086

Verbenaceae (마편초과)

• 210.
  Callicarpa japonica Thunb. 작살나무; cheondeung-110711-231
• 211.
  Caryopteris divaricata (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim. 누린내풀*; cheondeung-111018-022
• 212.
  Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb. 누리장나무; cheondeung-110711-044

Labiatae (꿀풀과)

• 213.
  Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & Mey.) Kuntze 배초향*; cheondeung-110905-075
• 214.
  Ajuga spectabilis Nakai 자란초; cheondeung-110711-164, cheondeung-110905-030
• 215.
  Clinopodium micranthum (Regel) Hara 두메층층이*; cheondeung-110905-022
• 216.
  Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyl. 향유; cheondeung-111018-021
• 217.
  Elsholtzia splendens Nakai 꽃향유*; cheondeung-111018-020
• 218.
  Isodon inflexus (Thunb.) Kudô 산박하*; cheondeung-110905-048
• 219.
  Isodon japonicus (Burm.) Hara 방아풀; cheondeung-110905-013
• 220.
  Lamium album var. barbatum (Siebold & Zucc.) Franch. & Sav. 광대수염*; cheondeung-110529-092
• 221.
  Leonurus macranthus Maxim. 송장풀*; cheondeung-110905-027
• 222.
  Meehania urticifolia (Miq.) Makino 벌깨덩굴; cheondeung-110529-080, cheondeung-110711-117
• 223.
  Mosla punctulata (J.F.Gmel.) Nakai 들깨풀*; cheondeung-110905-093
• 224.
  Phlomis umbrosa Turcz. 속단*; cheondeung-110711-134, cheondeung-110905-039
• 225.
  Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina Nakai 꿀풀*; cheondeung-110711-005
• 226.
  Salvia chanryoenica Nakai 참배암차즈기*; cheondeung-110905-025, cheondeung-111018-009
• 227.
  Scutellaria pekinensis var. maxima S.Kim & S.Lee 왕골무꽃*; cheondeung-110711-142
• 228.
  Scutellaria pekinensis var. transitra (Makino) Hara 산골무꽃*; cheondeung-110711-185
• 229.
  Stachys japonica Miq. 석잠풀; cheondeung-110711-082

Solanaceae (가지과)

• 230.
  Scopolia japonica Maxim. 미치광이풀*; cheondeung-110711-097

Scrophulariaceae (현삼과)

• 231.
  Deinostema violacea (Maxim.) T.Yamaz. 진땅고추풀*; cheondeung-110905-166
• 232.
  Lindernia procumbens (Krock.) Borbás 밭뚝외풀*; cheondeung-110905-153
• 233.
  Mazus miquelii Makino 누운주름잎*; cheondeung-111018-065
• 234.
  Melampyrum roseum Maxim. 꽃며느리밥풀; cheondeung-110905-046
• 235.
  Scrophularia kakudensis Franch. 큰개현삼*; cheondeung-110905-179, cheondeung-111018-015
• 236.
  Veronica linariifolia Pall. ex Link 꼬리풀*; cheondeung-111018-084

Phrymaceae (파리풀과)

• 237.
  Phryma leptostachya var. asiatica H.Hara 파리풀*; cheondeung-110711-110

Plantaginaceae (질경이과)

• 238.
  Plantago asiatica L. 질경이; cheondeung-110529-048, cheondeung-110711-077, cheondeung-110905-063

Caprifoliaceae (인동과)

• 239.
  Lonicera praeflorens Batalin 올괴불나무; cheondeung-110529-185
• 240.
  Sambucus sieboldiana var. miquelii (Nakai) Hara 지렁쿠나무*; cheondeung-110711-195
• 241.
  Weigela florida (Bunge) A.DC. 붉은병꽃나무; cheondeung-110711-007
• 242.
  Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey 병꽃나무*; cheondeung-110711-161

Valerianaceae (마타리과)

• 243.
  Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch. ex Trevir. 마타리; cheondeung-110711-033, cheondeung-110905-203
• 244.
  Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss. 뚝갈; cheondeung-110905-041
• 245.
  Valeriana fauriei Briq. 쥐오줌풀; cheondeung-110529-154, cheondeung-110711-088

Campanulaceae (초롱꽃과)

• 246.
  Adenophora remotiflora (Siebold & Zucc.) Miq. 모시대*; cheondeung-110905-112
• 247.
  Adenophora verticillata Fisch. 층층잔대*; cheondeung-110905-121
• 248.
  Asyneuma japonicum (Miq.) Briq. 영아자*; cheondeung-110905-083
• 249.
  Lobelia chinensis Lour. 수염가래꽃*; cheondeung-110905-133

Compositae (국화과)

• 250.
  Adenocaulon himalaicum Edgew. 멸가치*; cheondeung-110905-123
• 251.
  Ainsliaea acerifolia Sch.Bip. 단풍취; cheondeung-110711-092
• 252.
  Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. 돼지풀*; cheondeung-110905-117
• 253.
  Ambrosia trifida L. 단풍잎돼지풀*; cheondeung-111018-036
• 254.
  Artemisia feddei H.Lév. & Vaniot 뺑쑥*; cheondeung-110905-114
• 255.
  Artemisia gmelini Weber ex Stechm. 더위지기; cheondeung-110905-111, cheondeung-111018-032
• 256.
  Artemisia keiskeana Miq. 맑은대쑥; cheondeung-110905-054
• 257.
  Artemisia princeps Pamp. 쑥; cheondeung-110905-092
• 258.
  Artemisia stolonifera (Maxim.) Kom. 넓은잎외잎쑥; cheondeung-110711-129, cheondeung-110905-044
• 259.
  Aster ageratoides Turcz. 까실쑥부쟁이*; cheondeung-110905-062
• 260.
  Aster hispidus Thunb. 갯쑥부쟁이*; cheondeung-111018-033
• 261.
  Aster pilosus Willd. 미국쑥부쟁이*; cheondeung-111018-018
• 262.
  Aster scaber Thunb. 참취; cheondeung-110905-059
• 263.
  Aster tataricus L.f. 개미취; cheondeung-110905-162
• 264.
  Atractylodes ovata (Thunb.) DC. 삽주; cheondeung-110905-045
• 265.
  Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff ex Sherff 털도깨비바늘*; cheondeung-111018-055
• 266.
  Bidens frondosa L. 미국가막사리*; cheondeung-111018-040
• 267.
  Bidens radiata var. pinnatifida (Turcz ex DC.) Kitam. 구와가막사리*; cheondeung-111018-079
• 268.
  Carduus crispus L. 지느러미엉겅퀴; cheondeung-110529-066
• 269.
  Carpesium cernuum L. 좀담배풀*; cheondeung-110905-185
• 270.
  Carpesium macrocephalum Franch. & Sav. 여우오줌*; cheondeung-110905-021
• 271.
  Centipeda minima (L.) A.Br. & Asch. 중대가리풀*; cheondeung-110905-128
• 272.
  Cirsium japonicum var. maackii (Maxim.) Matsum. 엉겅퀴*; cheondeung-110529-127, cheondeung-110711-068
• 273.
  Cirsium pendulum Fisch. ex DC. 큰엉겅퀴*; cheondeung-110905-157, cheondeung-111018-038
• 274.
  Coreopsis lanceolata L. 큰금계국*; cheondeung-110711-213
• 275.
  Crepidiastrum denticulatum (Houtt.) J.H.Pak & Kawano 이고들빼기; cheondeung-110905-010, cheondeung-111018-089
• 276.
  Crepidiastrum sonchifolium (Bunge) Pak & Kawano 고들빼기; cheondeung-110529-133, cheondeung-110711-235
• 277.
  Dendranthema boreale (Makino) Ling ex Kitam. 산국; cheondeung-111018-023
• 278.
  Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. 한련초*; cheondeung-110905-130
• 279.
  Erechtites hieracifolia Raf. 붉은서나물*; cheondeung-111018-025
• 280.
  Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. 개망초; cheondeung-110711-086
• 281.
  Eupatorium japonicum Thunb. 등골나물; cheondeung-110711-029, cheondeung-111018-017
• 282.
  Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. 서양등골나물*; cheondeung-111018-041
• 283.
  Hemistepta lyrata Bunge 지칭개; cheondeung-110529-124
• 284.
  Hieracium umbellatum L. 조밥나물*; cheondeung-110905-200
• 285.
  Ixeris polycephala Cass. 벌씀바귀; cheondeung-111018-063
• 286.
  Lactuca indica L. 왕고들빼기*; cheondeung-110905-160
• 287.
  Lactuca raddeana Maxim. 산씀바귀*; cheondeung-110905-144
• 288.
  Sigesbeckia glabrescens Makino 진득찰*; cheondeung-111018-060
• 289.
  Sigesbeckia pubescens Makino 털진득찰*; cheondeung-110905-145
• 290.
  Solidago virgaurea subsp. asiatica Kitam. ex Hara 미역취*; cheondeung-110905-029, cheondeung-111018-048
• 291.
  Syneilesis palmata (Thunb.) Maxim. 우산나물; cheondeung-110711-137, cheondeung-110905-052
• 292.
  Tephroseris kirilowii (Turcz. ex DC.) Holub 솜방망이*; cheondeung-110529-104
• 293.
  Youngia japonica (L.) DC. 뽀리뱅이*; cheondeung-110529-021

Alismataceae (택사과)

• 294.
  Sagittaria aginashi Makino 보풀*; cheondeung-110905-143

Liliaceae (백합과)

• 295.
  Allium macrostemon Bunge 산달래*; cheondeung-110529-013
• 296.
  Convallaria keiskei Miq. 은방울꽃; cheondeung-110529-143, cheondeung-110711-141
• 297.
  Disporum smilacinum A.Gray 애기나리; cheondeung-110711-016
• 298.
  Disporum uniflorum Baker 윤판나물; cheondeung-110529-011
• 299.
  Disporum viridescens (Maxim.) Nakai 큰애기나리; cheondeung-110711-126, cheondeung-110905-024
• 300.
  Hemerocallis hakuunensis Nakai 백운원추리*; cheondeung-110711-271
• 301.
  Hosta capitata (Koidz.) Nakai 일월비비추; cheondeung-110711-034
• 302.
  Lilium amabile Palib. 털중나리; cheondeung-110905-035
• 303.
  Lilium tsingtauense Gilg 하늘말나리; cheondeung-110711-084, cheondeung-110905-034
• 304.
  Polygonatum inflatum Kom. 퉁둥굴레; cheondeung-110711-143
• 305.
  Polygonatum involucratum (Franch. & Sav.) Maxim. 용둥굴레*; cheondeung-110711-200
• 306.
  Polygonatum lasianthum Maxim. 죽대; cheondeung-110711-133, cheondeung-110905-023
• 307.
  Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum (Miq.) Ohwi 둥굴레; cheondeung-110529-012, cheondeung-110711-064, cheondeung-110905-018
• 308.
  Smilacina japonica A.Gray 풀솜대; cheondeung-110711-027
• 309.
  Smilax sieboldii Miq. 청가시덩굴; cheondeung-110529-067, cheondeung-110711-055
• 310.
  Veratrum maackii Regel 긴잎여로*; cheondeung-110711-214

Dioscoreaceae (마과)

• 311.
  Dioscorea batatas Decne. 마*; cheondeung-110905-012
• 312.
  Dioscorea nipponica Makino 부채마*; cheondeung-110711-221
• 313.
  Dioscorea tokoro Makino 도꼬로마; cheondeung-110529-129

Pontederiaceae (물옥잠과)

• 314.
  Monochoria vaginalis var. plantaginea (Roxb.) Solms 물달개비*; cheondeung-110905-136

Iridaceae (붓꽃과)

• 315.
  Iris sanguinea Donn ex Horn 붓꽃*; cheondeung-110529-009

Juncaceae (골풀과)

• 316.
  Juncus effusus var. decipiens Buchenau 골풀*; cheondeung-110711-059
• 317.
  Luzula capitata (Miq.) Miq. 꿩의밥*; cheondeung-110529-095

Commelinaceae (닭의장풀과)

• 318.
  Aneilema keisak Hassk. 사마귀풀*; cheondeung-110905-152
• 319.
  Commelina communis L. 닭의장풀*; cheondeung-110905-068
• 320.
  Streptolirion volubile Edgew. 덩굴닭의장풀*; cheondeung-110905-103

Eriocaulaceae (곡정초과)

• 321.
  Eriocaulon robustius (Maxim.) Makino 넓은잎개수염*; cheondeung-110905-167, cheondeung-111018-075

Gramineae (벼과)

• 322.
  Agrostis clavata var. nukabo Ohwi 겨이삭*; cheondeung-110529-198, cheondeung-110711-220
• 323.
  Alopecurus aequalis var. amurensis (Kom.) Ohwi 뚝새풀; cheondeung-110529-141
• 324.
  Arundinella hirta var. ciliata Koidz. 털새*; cheondeung-110905-173
• 325.
  Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth 실새풀*; cheondeung-110905-176, cheondeung-111018-091
• 326.
  Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth 산조풀*; cheondeung-110711-273
• 327.
  Diarrhena fauriei (Hack.) Ohwi 광릉용수염*; cheondeung-110711-206, cheondeung-110905-183
• 328.
  Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel. 바랭이; cheondeung-110905-119, cheondeung-111018-067
• 329.
  Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) P.Beauv. 돌피*; cheondeung-110905-194, cheondeung-111018-029
• 330.
  Eragrostis curvula Nees 능수참새그령*; cheondeung-110711-274
• 331.
  Eragrostis ferruginea (Thunb.) P.Beauv. 그령*; cheondeung-110905-192
• 332.
  Festuca parvigluma Steud. 김의털아재비*; cheondeung-110529-179
• 333.
  Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii (Retz.) Pilg. 띠*; cheondeung-111018-078
• 334.
  Koeleria cristata Pers. 도랭이피*; cheondeung-110529-199
• 335.
  Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) P.Beauv. 주름조개풀; cheondeung-110905-061
• 336.
  Oplismenus undulatifolius var. japonicus (Steud.) Koidz. 민주름조개풀*; cheondeung-111018-050
• 337.
  Panicum bisulcatum Thunb. 개기장*; cheondeung-110905-210, cheondeung-111018-092
• 338.
  Phragmites japonica Steud. 달뿌리풀*; cheondeung-111018-013
• 339.
  Poa hisauchii Honda 구내풀*; cheondeung-110529-178
• 340.
  Poa sphondylodes Trin. 포아풀*; cheondeung-110529-180
• 341.
  Poa trivialis L. 큰새포아풀*; cheondeung-110529-192
• 342.
  Setaria faberii Herrm. 가을강아지풀*; cheondeung-110905-118, cheondeung-111018-068
• 343.
  Setaria glauca (L.) P.Beauv. 금강아지풀; cheondeung-111018-058
• 344.
  Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv. 조*; cheondeung-110905-140
• 345.
  Setaria pallidefusca (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb. 가는금강아지풀*; cheondeung-110905-139
• 346.
  Setaria viridis (L.) P.Beauv. 강아지풀; cheondeung-110711-243
• 347.
  Spodiopogon sibiricus Trin. 큰기름새; cheondeung-110905-174
• 348.
  Stipa sibirica (L.) Lam. 나래새*; cheondeung-110905-186
• 349.
  Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Turcz. ex Stapf 줄*; cheondeung-111018-088

Araceae (천남성과)

• 350.
  Arisaema amurense Maxim. 둥근잎천남성; cheondeung-110529-010, cheondeung-110711-205
• 351.
  Arisaema peninsulae Nakai 점박이천남성; cheondeung-110529-017, cheondeung-110711-172, cheondeung-110905-036

Cyperaceae (사초과)

• 352.
  Carex breviculmis R.Br. 청사초*; cheondeung-110529-191
• 353.
  Carex forficula Franch. & Sav. 산뚝사초*; cheondeung-110529-175
• 354.
  Carex japonica Thunb. 개찌버리사초*; cheondeung-110529-181, cheondeung-110711-219
• 355.
  Carex lanceolata Boott 그늘사초*; cheondeung-110529-194
• 356.
  Carex leiorhyncha C.A.Mey. 산괭이사초; cheondeung-110529-174
• 357.
  Carex sabynensis Less. ex Kunth 실청사초*; cheondeung-110529-176
• 358.
  Carex shimidzensis Franch. 산꼬리사초*; cheondeung-110711-208
• 359.
  Carex siderosticta Hance 대사초; cheondeung-110529-064, cheondeung-110905-060
• 360.
  Cyperus difformis L. 알방동사니*; cheondeung-110905-169
• 361.
  Cyperus hakonensis Franch. & Sav. 병아리방동사니*; cheondeung-110905-196
• 362.
  Cyperus microiria Steud. 금방동사니; cheondeung-110905-165
• 363.
  Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. 갯방동사니*; cheondeung-111018-071
• 364.
  Eleocharis ovata (Roth) Roem. & Schult. 둥근검바늘골*; cheondeung-110905-171
• 365.
  Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) Roem. & Schult. 애기하늘지기*; cheondeung-110905-164
• 366.
  Scirpus juncoides var. hotarui (Ohwi) Ohwi 올챙이고랭이*; cheondeung-110905-168

Orchidaceae (난초과)

• 367.
  Cephalanthera longibracteata Blume 은대난초; cheondeung-110529-070, cheondeung-110711-139
• 368.
  Liparis kumokiri F.Maek. 옥잠난초*; cheondeung-110711-001
• 369.
  Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames 타래난초*; cheondeung-110711-240

References

1. • Kang and Ko, 2002
   • S.H. Kang, S.C. Ko
   • Floristic study of Cheondeungsan Mountain
   • 2002, Ministry of Environment, Gwacheon
2. • Kang and Park, 2002
   • Y.P. Kang, J.W. Park
   • A study on the geomorphological landscape of Chungju
   • 2002, Ministry of Environment, Gwacheon
3. • Kim, 2006
   • J.W. Kim
   • Vegetation ecology
   • 2006, World Science, Seoul
4. • Korea Meteorological Administration, 2011
   • Korea Meteorological Administration
   • Climatological normals of Korea, 1981–2010
   • 2011, Korea Meteorological Administration, Seoul
5. • Korea National Arboretum and The Plant Taxonomic Society of Korea, 2007
   • Korea National Arboretum, The Plant Taxonomic Society of Korea
   • A synonymic list of vascular plants in Korea
   • 2007, Korea National Arboretum, Pochen
6. • Korea National Arboretum, 2008
   • Korea National Arboretum
   • Rare plants data book in Korea
   • 2008, Korea National Arboretum, Pochen
7. • Lee, 2003
   • T.B. Lee
   • Coloured flora of Korea, Volume vol. I, II, 2003, Hayangmunsa, Seoul, Korea
8. • Lee, 1996
   • W.T. Lee
   • Coloured standard illustrations of Korean plants
   • 1996, Academy Publishing Co, Seoul
9. • Lee and Yim, 2002
   • W.C. Lee, Y.J. Yim
   • Plant geography
   • 2002, Kangwon National University Press, Chuncheon
10. • Lee et al., 2011
    • Y.M. Lee, S.H. Park, S.Y. Jung, et al.
    • Study on the current status of naturalized plants in South Korea
    • Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy, Volume 41, 2011, pp. 87–101
    • View Record in Scopus
      Citing articles (14)
11. • Lee, 2006
    • Y.N. Lee
    • New flora of Korea, Volume vol. I, II, 2006, Kyohak Publishing Co., Ltd, Seoul
12. • Ministry of Environment, 2006
    • Ministry of Environment
    • A guide to the 3rd National Natural Environment Research
    • 2006, Ministry of Environment, Gwacheon
13. • Ministry of Environment, 2009
    • Ministry of Environment
    • A report of ecosystematic disturbed wild animals and plants
    • 2009, Ministry of Environment, Gwacheon
14. • Oh et al., 2005
    • B.U. Oh, D.G. Jo, K.S. Kim, et al.
    • Endemic vascular plants in the Korean Peninsula (1st step result)
    • 2005, Korea National Arboretum, Pochen
15. • Park, 2009
    • S.H. Park
    • New illustrations and photographs of naturalized plants of Korea
    • 2009, Ilchokak, Seoul

• Peer review under responsibility of National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA).

• ∗ 
  Corresponding author. Tel.: +82 43 261 2296.

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