Microcrystalline cellulose: Isolation, characterization and bio-composites application—A review

Published Date
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
December 2016, Vol.93:789–804, doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.056
Review

• Author 

• Djalal Trache ^a,,
• M. Hazwan Hussin ^b
• Caryn Tan Hui Chuin ^b
• Sumiyyah Sabar ^c
• M.R. Nurul Fazita ^d
• Owolabi F.A. Taiwo ^d,e
• T.M. Hassan ^d
• M.K. Mohamad Haafiz ^d

• aUER Chimie Appliquée, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri, Algiers, Algeria
• bLignocellulosic Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
• cSchool of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
• dSchool of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
• eFederal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Nigeria

Received 27 July 2016. Revised 30 August 2016. Accepted 15 September 2016. Available online 16 September 2016. 

Highlights

• •
  This work provides an up-to date review on methods for isolation and characterization of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC).
• •
  Interest for MCC is exponentially increasing.
• •
  New sources, new isolation processes, new treatments induce new types of MCC materials for industrialization.
• •
  Opportunities of MCC-based composite polymers for the future are presented and discussed.

Abstract

Considering its widespread usage in various fields, such as food, pharmaceutical, medical, cosmetic and polymer composites industries, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is becoming impellent due to increasing demand of alternatives to non-renewable and scarce fossil materials. Although it still suffers from some drawbacks, MCC has recently gained more interest owing to its renewability, non-toxicity, economic value, biodegradability, high mechanical properties, high surface area and biocompatibility. New sources, new isolation processes, and new treatments are currently under development to satisfy the increasing demand of producing new types of MCC-based materials on an industrial scale. Therefore, this review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of MCC from different sources using various procedures, its characterization, and its application in bio-composites. Challenges and future opportunities of MCC-based composites are discussed as well as obstacles remaining for their extensive uses.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

• Microcrystalline cellulose
• Isolation
• Characterization
• Bio-composite

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• ⁎ 
  Corresponding author at: UER Chimie Appliquée, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, P.O Box 17, Bordj El-Bahri, Algiers, Algeria.

© 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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