Author
For further details log on website :
http://www.commod.org/content/download/4265/32016/version/1/file/17_Guizol_2005_BC.pdf
Ph. Guizol and H. Purnomo
The underlying decision theory of forest management changed from decisions
made by the forest manager, a single stakeholder, to a decision-making process,
which involves a variety of stakeholders with different goals. From concept to
implementation, forest professionals are in trouble because, despite the potential
of technological progress and the development of tools to support decision-mak-
ing, tools to facilitate multi-stakeholder decisions are lacking.
This paper proposes a framework to link social, economic, and biophysical dynamics using multi-agent simulation to explore scenarios of collaboration for forest plantation management. The modeling is based on decision theories. This framework uses the concept of a value-added chain as a model of alliances. The added-value breakdown analysis is a tool, which is used at the forest-plot level as a means of anticipating benefit sharing among the stakeholders before they decide to harvest; this also highlights the added-value variation from plot to plot. The framework can also take into account noneconomic-based relationships. Each stakeholder has explicit communication capacities, behaviors, and rationales, and forest management emerges from their interactions.
The purpose of this modeling is to produce shared knowledge about dynam- ics to facilitate coordination among stakeholders; it is a learning tool about forest management. Ourmainhypothesisisthatstakeholders,bycreatingavirtualworld with researchers, will learn about the effects that their own decisions might have on themselves, others, and the environment. In the case of Sabah, we are at the stage of the first loop of learning, and scenarios need to be further tested with the stakeholders themselves. This forest plantation simulation suggests that the development of sawmills adapted to plantation wood might offer a promising pathway for increasing added value and the benefits of many stakeholders, including local communities.
Principle 22 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (1992) high- lights the importance of local people and their participation in sustainable develop- ment. In forest plantations, this should apply to local communities living in or near forest plantations.
Malaysia, the country where Sabah State is located, is situated right in the heart of Southeast Asia and is divided into two geographical sections: Peninsular Malaysia and the East Malaysian provinces of Sabah and Sarawak in North Borneo (Fig. 1).
This paper proposes a framework to link social, economic, and biophysical dynamics using multi-agent simulation to explore scenarios of collaboration for forest plantation management. The modeling is based on decision theories. This framework uses the concept of a value-added chain as a model of alliances. The added-value breakdown analysis is a tool, which is used at the forest-plot level as a means of anticipating benefit sharing among the stakeholders before they decide to harvest; this also highlights the added-value variation from plot to plot. The framework can also take into account noneconomic-based relationships. Each stakeholder has explicit communication capacities, behaviors, and rationales, and forest management emerges from their interactions.
The purpose of this modeling is to produce shared knowledge about dynam- ics to facilitate coordination among stakeholders; it is a learning tool about forest management. Ourmainhypothesisisthatstakeholders,bycreatingavirtualworld with researchers, will learn about the effects that their own decisions might have on themselves, others, and the environment. In the case of Sabah, we are at the stage of the first loop of learning, and scenarios need to be further tested with the stakeholders themselves. This forest plantation simulation suggests that the development of sawmills adapted to plantation wood might offer a promising pathway for increasing added value and the benefits of many stakeholders, including local communities.
Principle 22 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (1992) high- lights the importance of local people and their participation in sustainable develop- ment. In forest plantations, this should apply to local communities living in or near forest plantations.
Malaysia, the country where Sabah State is located, is situated right in the heart of Southeast Asia and is divided into two geographical sections: Peninsular Malaysia and the East Malaysian provinces of Sabah and Sarawak in North Borneo (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1. Sabah location map
The study area is located in northeastern Sabah, mostly in Bengkoka, Marudu, and Keningau districts. Grasslands, logged-over forest, and secondary forest cover most of the landscape.
Smallholders believe that many opportunities are provided for forest plantation development. A lot of logged-over land is available for plantations. Sabah natives have the possibility to obtain security over land and rural people have the will to invest in forest plantations to secure their ownership of land, to rehabilitate the landscape, to rehabilitate wildlife resources for hunting, and to invest for themselves and the com- ing generations.
The Sabah Legislative Assembly created SAFODA (Sabah Forestry Develop- ment Authority) in 1976. Its mission is to develop highly productive forest plantations for the long-term supply of wood resources and to improve the socioeconomic status of the state and country on a sustainable basis (SAFODA 2003). Currently, SAFODA manages about 100,000 ha of land.
The local government perceives the development of forest plantations in this part of Sabah as a means to improve the landscape and smallholder income. Today, most of the land, which has been logged over and is unused, is highly fire-prone (a lot of areas are covered with Imperata cylindrica and large stocks of remaining deadwood). The development of smallholder plantations could also produce a variety of plantation systems. These plantations will reduce the areas’ fire proneness and would involve the local population in fire control.
The wood price is a major impediment to the development of all plantations. Sabah State has already invested a lot in smallholders’ plantations and SAFODA estates. So far, SAFODA plantation area amounts to 31,000 ha. The planted species are Acacia mangium (28,000 ha) and rattan (2,100 ha). SAFODA encouraged small landowners, adjacent to their forest plantation areas, to grow trees. Currently, these smallholder plantations amount to 3,000 ha supervised by SAFODA.
The study area is located in northeastern Sabah, mostly in Bengkoka, Marudu, and Keningau districts. Grasslands, logged-over forest, and secondary forest cover most of the landscape.
Smallholders believe that many opportunities are provided for forest plantation development. A lot of logged-over land is available for plantations. Sabah natives have the possibility to obtain security over land and rural people have the will to invest in forest plantations to secure their ownership of land, to rehabilitate the landscape, to rehabilitate wildlife resources for hunting, and to invest for themselves and the com- ing generations.
The Sabah Legislative Assembly created SAFODA (Sabah Forestry Develop- ment Authority) in 1976. Its mission is to develop highly productive forest plantations for the long-term supply of wood resources and to improve the socioeconomic status of the state and country on a sustainable basis (SAFODA 2003). Currently, SAFODA manages about 100,000 ha of land.
The local government perceives the development of forest plantations in this part of Sabah as a means to improve the landscape and smallholder income. Today, most of the land, which has been logged over and is unused, is highly fire-prone (a lot of areas are covered with Imperata cylindrica and large stocks of remaining deadwood). The development of smallholder plantations could also produce a variety of plantation systems. These plantations will reduce the areas’ fire proneness and would involve the local population in fire control.
The wood price is a major impediment to the development of all plantations. Sabah State has already invested a lot in smallholders’ plantations and SAFODA estates. So far, SAFODA plantation area amounts to 31,000 ha. The planted species are Acacia mangium (28,000 ha) and rattan (2,100 ha). SAFODA encouraged small landowners, adjacent to their forest plantation areas, to grow trees. Currently, these smallholder plantations amount to 3,000 ha supervised by SAFODA.
For further details log on website :
http://www.commod.org/content/download/4265/32016/version/1/file/17_Guizol_2005_BC.pdf
No comments:
Post a Comment