Everything About Wood

Tuesday, 6 December 2016

Greening the manufacturing function

Published Date
September–October 1995, Vol.38(5):17–27, doi:10.1016/0007-6813(95)90032-2

Author

Joseph Sarkis¹

Abdul Rasheed²

Available online 28 June 2004.

First page preview

For further details log on website :
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0007681395900322

Dimensions of creative evaluation: Distinct design and reasoning strategies for aesthetic, functional and originality judgments

Published Date
July 2016, Vol.45:116–136, doi:10.1016/j.destud.2015.12.005
Special Issue: Design Review Conversations

Author

Bo T. Christensen^,

Copenhagen Business School, Department of Marketing, Solbjerg Plads 3, 2000 Frederiksberg C, Denmark

Linden J. Ball

School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK

Available online 12 January 2016.

Highlights

Creative evaluative reasoning in design critiques by expert designers was examined.
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Evaluation types (originality, functionality, aesthetics) differ in their underpinning logics.
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Multiple logics operate simultaneously under opposing and contrasting assumptions.
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Logics impact reasoning strategies and suggestion making in distinct and predictable ways.
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Logics challenge consensual assessment and outcome-based models of creative evaluation.

We examined evaluative reasoning taking place during expert ‘design critiques’. We focused on key dimensions of creative evaluation (originality, functionality and aesthetics) and ways in which these dimensions impact reasoning strategies and suggestions offered by experts for how the student could continue. Each dimension was associated with a specific underpinning ‘logic’ determining how these dimensions were evaluated in practice. Our analysis clarified how these dimensions triggered reasoning strategies such as running mental simulations or making design suggestions, ranging from ‘go/kill’ decisions to loose recommendations to continue without directional steer. The findings advance our theoretical understanding of evaluation behaviour in design and alert practicing design evaluators to the nature and consequences of their critical appraisals.

Keywords

design critique

design reasoning

design evaluation

evaluative practices

mental simulation

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∗
Corresponding author: Bo T. Christensen

For further details log on website :
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142694X15001131

Generative sensing in design evaluation

Published Date
July 2016, Vol.45:68–91, doi:10.1016/j.destud.2016.01.003
Special Issue: Design Review Conversations

Author

Andy Dong^,

Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia

Massimo Garbuio
Dan Lovallo

The University of Sydney Business School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia

Available online 18 February 2016.

Highlights

Analyses design evaluation conversations for forms of logical reasoning.
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Conversations include considerations of ‘what is’ and ‘what can be’.
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Evaluations lead to hypotheses that resolve or undermine logic of current concept.
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Evidence points to a new model of design thinking called generative sensing.
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Generative sensing creates ways through a design problem.

The analysis of design review conversations from a junior-level undergraduate industrial design course and an entrepreneurship course uncovered a new pattern of design thinking. Design thinking during concept evaluation contains a recursive hypothesis-driven pattern that we name generative sensing. Generative sensing commences with deductive reasoning from established rules to a definitive conclusion in favour of or against a concept. These conclusions become the basis for new hypotheses that suggest actions to address problems or invite rebuttals to defend the original logic of the concept. Generative sensing is a pattern of design thinking that creates ways through the design problem by testing propositions in a recursive manner.

Keywords

decision making

design thinking

abduction

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∗
Corresponding author: Andy Dong

For further details log on website :
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142694X16000041

Fundamental studies in Design-by-Analogy: A focus on domain-knowledge experts and applications to transactional design problems

Published Date
May 2014, Vol.35(3):232–272, doi:10.1016/j.destud.2013.11.002

Author
Diana P. Moreno^,^,
Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA

Alberto A. Hernández

Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico

Maria C. Yang

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA

Kevin N. Otto
Katja Hölttä-Otto

Singapore University of Technology and Design, SG 138682, Singapore

Julie S. Linsey

Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA

Kristin L. Wood

Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore

Adriana Linden

Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico

Available online 21 December 2013.

Highlights

We explored ideation applying Design-by-Analogy (DbA) in transactional problems.
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First domain-knowledge expert study (n = 73) for a DbA semantic-based ideation method.
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High novelty and lower fixation levels were found using proposed DbA method.
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Positive quality–novelty correlation that can be mapped to innovative solutions.
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We explore DbA methods transferability to ideation stage of transactional problems.

Design-by-Analogy (DbA) is recognized for its potential for fostering innovation. Previous work provides insights into how analogies assist in solving problems in engineering design and architecture. However, services currently add more than 65% of global economic value. Designers now face design problems not only in physical systems but transactional as well. This study expands our understanding of design practitioners' cognitive processes by exploring the development of innovative solutions for transactional problems using a DbA approach, via a semantic-word-based ideation method, on a relatively large expert sample size (n = 73) of transactional domain experts. The study shows correlations for semantic solution transfer, quantity of ideation, fixation, novelty and quality when developing solutions for transactional problems by means of DbA methods.

Keywords

concept generation

design cognition

design methods

design problems

innovation

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