An overview of feasibilities and challenge of conductive cellulose for rechargeable lithium based battery

Author

Sarute Ummartyotin and Hathaikarn Manuspiya

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015, vol. 50, issue C, pages 204-213

Abstract: The interest in cellulose and its modification has been exponentially increasing. The outstanding properties of cellulose were evident due to high stiffness, high chemical resistance, low co-efficient of thermal expansion as well as high aspect ratio. Up to the present time, in order to support clean technology, the use of cellulose has been extensively gained many interests for many sectors of research. Cellulose was therefore modified to enhance its conductivity. The example was due to design cellulose based composite with conductive polymer and doping on small amount of metallic particle and active carbon. In this review, the objective of article was focused on the modification on conductivity of cellulose. The application on conductive cellulose was therefore presented in rechargeable lithium based battery.

Keywords: Cellulose; Conductive cellulose; Rechargeable lithium based battery(search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2015
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Inconvenient Truths about Landowner (Un)Willingness to Grow Dedicated Bioenergy Crops

Author

Bradford L Barham, Daniel F. Mooney and Scott Swinton

Choices, 2016, vol. 31, issue 4

Keywords: Biomass; Contingent Valuation; Corn Stover; Switchgrass; Stated Preferences; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q11; Q24; Q42(search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2016
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Renewable energy policies and competition for biomass: Implications for land use, food prices, and processing industry

Author

Xiaoguang Chen (xguangchen@gmail.com) and Hayri Önal

Energy Policy, 2016, vol. 92, issue C, pages 270-278

Abstract: We use a mathematical programming model to examine the impacts of simultaneous implementation of two US biofuel and bioenergy policies on commodity markets and spatial distribution of future cellulosic biorefineries. The key findings based on our numerical simulation are: (1) the number and average annual production capacity of cellulosic biofuel refineries depend on the total renewable fuels mandate; (2) the mix of cellulosic biomass feedstock depends on the assumptions about the production costs of energy crops and the amount of cropland that can be used for energy crops, but regardless of the assumptions crop residues are the primary biomass source to meet the demand for biomass for biofuel production and electricity generation; and (3) the biomass production areas would surround either future cellulosic biorefineries or the existing coal-based power plants to reduce the costs of biomass transportation. These findings have important implications for biorefinery investors and provide valuable policy insights for the selection of Biomass Crop Assistance Program project areas.

Keywords: Biofuel and bioenergy policies; Cellulosic biorefinery; Food prices; Crop residues; Energy crops (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2016
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Nanofibrillated Cellulose (NFC): A High-Value Co-Product that Improves the Economics of Cellulosic Ethanol Production

Author

Qiong Song (qisong@syr.edu), William T. Winter (cellulose@esf.edu), Biljana M. Bujanovic (bbujanovic@esf.edu) and Thomas E. Amidon(teamidon@esf.edu)
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Energies, 2014, vol. 7, issue 2, pages 607

Abstract: Cellulosic ethanol is a sustainable alternative to petroleum as a transportation fuel, which could be made biologically from agricultural and forestry residues, municipal waste, or herbaceous and woody crops. Instead of putting efforts on steps overcoming the natural resistance of plants to biological breakdown, our study proposes a unique pathway to improve the outcome of the process by co-producing high-value nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), offering a new economic leverage for cellulosic ethanol to compete with fossil fuels in the near future. In this study, glucose has been produced by commercial enzymes while the residual solids are converted into NFC via sonification. Here, we report the morphology of fibers changed through the process and yield of glucose in the enzymatic hydrolysis step.

Keywords: nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC); cellulose nanocrystals (CNC); cellulosic ethanol; economics; nanocellulose (NCC); cellulose; enzyme (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2014
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Impact of bioenergy crops in a carbon dioxide constrained world: an application of the MiniCAM energy-agriculture and land use model

Author

Kenneth Gillingham (kenneth.gillingham@yale.edu), Steven Smith(ssmith@pnl.gov) and Ronald Sands (rsands@ers.usda.gov)

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2008, vol. 13, issue 7, pages 675-701

Keywords: Bioenergy; Global energy scenarios; Climate change; Carbon dioxide; Integrated assessment (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2008
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The Perspectives for Genetically Modified Cellulosic Ethanol in the Czech Republic

Author

Pavla Blahova (pblahova@email.cz), Karel Janda (karel-janda@seznam.cz) and Ladislav Krištoufek (kristoufek@ies-prague.org)
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No 2014/02, Working Papers IES from  Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Economic Studies

Abstract: This paper connects the biofuels literature with genetic modifications literature by considering the potential of genetic modifications for increasing the efficiency of cellulosic biofuels production. This is done for one particular case through analyzing the effect of genetically modified corn adoption on overall yields of corn for silage. Our econometric model confirms that the use of genetically modified corn with inserted MON810 gene increases the overall corn biomass yield in the production and environmental conditions of the Central Europe, in particular in the Czech Republic.

Keywords: Cellulosic Biofuels; Genetic Modifications(search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C23 Q16 Q42 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
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Date: 2014-01, Revised 2014-01
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Opportunity for Profitable Investments in CellulosicBiofuels

Author

Bruce Babcock, Stéphan Marette(stephan.marette@agroparistech.fr) and David Tréguer(dtreguer@worldbank.org)

Staff General Research Papers Archive from  Iowa State University, Department of Economics

Abstract: Research efforts to allow large-scale conversion of cellulose into biofuels are being undertaken in the US and EU. These efforts are designed to increase logistic and conversion efficiencies, enhancing the economic competitiveness of cellulosic biofuels. However, not enough attention has been paid to the future market conditions for cellulosic biofuels, which will determine whether the necessary private investment will be available to allow a cellulosic biofuels industry to emerge. We examine the future market for cellulosic biofuels, differentiating between cellulosic ethanol and ‘drop-in' cellulosic biofuels that can be transported with petroleum fuels and have equivalent energy values. We show that emergence of a cellulosic ethanol industry is unlikely without costly government subsidies, in part because of strong competition from conventional ethanol and limits on ethanol blending. If production costs of drop-in cellulosic biofuels fall enough to become competitive, then their expansion will not necessarily cause feedstock prices to rise. As long as local supplies of feedstocks that have no or low-valued alternative uses exist, then expansion will not cause prices to rise significantly. If cellulosic feedstocks come from dedicated biomass crops, then the supply curves will have a steeper slope because of competition for land.

Keywords: Cellulosic biofuels; Market conditions; Investments (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2012-02-08
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Published in Energy Policy, February 2011, vol. 39 no. 2, pp. 714-719

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Opportunity for profitable investments in cellulosic biofuels

Author

Bruce Babcock, Stéphan Marette (stephan.marette@agroparistech.fr) and David Tréguer (dtreguer@worldbank.org)

Energy Policy, 2011, vol. 39, issue 2, pages 714-719

Abstract: Research efforts to allow large-scale conversion of cellulose into biofuels are being undertaken in the US and EU. These efforts are designed to increase logistic and conversion efficiencies, enhancing the economic competitiveness of cellulosic biofuels. However, not enough attention has been paid to the future market conditions for cellulosicbiofuels, which will determine whether the necessary private investment will be available to allow a cellulosic biofuels industry to emerge. We examine the future market for cellulosic biofuels, differentiating between cellulosic ethanol and 'drop-in' cellulosicbiofuels that can be transported with petroleum fuels and have equivalent energy values. We show that emergence of a cellulosicethanol industry is unlikely without costly government subsidies, in part because of strong competition from conventional ethanol and limits on ethanol blending. If production costs of drop-in cellulosic biofuels fall enough to become competitive, then their expansion will not necessarily cause feedstock prices to rise. As long as local supplies of feedstocks that have no or low-valued alternative uses exist, then expansion will not cause prices to rise significantly. If cellulosicfeedstocks come from dedicated biomass crops, then the supply curves will have a steeper slope because of competition for land.

Keywords: Cellulosic; biofuels; Market; conditions; Investments(search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2011
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Producer perceptions and information needs regarding their adoption of bioenergy crops

Author

María B. Villamil, Myles Alexander, Anne Heinze Silvis and Michael E. Gray

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2012, vol. 16, issue 6, pages 3604-3612

Abstract: The availability of reliable information tailored to the needs of producers has a central role in the innovation decision process in agriculture. The authors explored the information needs and preferences for delivery formats and channels of farmers in the state of Illinois, USA, as they consider introducing bioenergy crops in their current production systems. We used surveys and focus groups to target farming populations from northern, central, and southern regions of the state to identify characteristics of potential adopters and evidence of regional differences. In addition, we examined farmers’ planning in response to energy uncertainties, and their opinions regarding the optimal crop to meet energy demands. Across the state, 24% of respondents were identified as potential adopters of bioenergy crops; regions within the state showed similar results. The likelihood of adoption increased 16 times if the farmer was categorized as a potential user of alternative fuels and increased two times for each new crop planned for the coming growing season. Four main areas of information needs were identified and categorized as (1) understanding agronomy and markets, (2) concerns and supporting policies, (3) market readiness and business uncertainty, and (4) operational advantages. Though no interaction of region by adopter was found, there are clear statistical differences among regions and potential adopters regarding information needs. Conferences, meetings and field days (venues with a high level of interaction among stakeholders) are preferred delivery formats. Other farmers, neighbors and friends, as well as university and extension services, were the most valued sources of information.

Keywords: Energy crops; Adopters; Users; Farmer perceptions; Channels and sources; Survey methodology (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2012
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Hazelnuts: A Promising Future Crop for Food, Feed and Bioenergy

Author

Scott Josiah, Tom Molnar, Shawn Mehlenbacher and Doug Farrar

No 168421, Agricultural Outlook Forum 2014 from  United States Department of Agriculture

Keywords: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies(search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2014
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