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Wednesday, 22 March 2017

Efficient timber pricing and purchasing behavior in forest owners' associations

Author
Ståle Størdal
Journal of Forest Economics, 2004, vol. 10, issue 3, pages 135-147
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The importance of forests and forest-timber sector as complements to agriculture and as tools for the regional development of Poland

Author
Janusz Czerepko, Piotr GoÅ‚os and Jacek HilszczaÅ„ski

Abstract: Forests and agricultural lands cover over 26 million ha in Poland (83.6% of the land, including inland water). The area of forests is 9.1 million ha, including 7.1 million ha managed by the State Forests National Forest Holding and 1.7 million ha owned by private owners, out of which 1.1 million ha are the agricultural farms. The scale and the way of land management by the Public Treasury enable the independent running, without a system support from funds devoted to the development of rural areas. The aim of this paper is to present the characteristics of the Polish forest-timber sector and its contribution to the development of the rural areas, as a complement to agriculture, including forests of all forms of ownerships and the scope of three most important groups of functions - production, environmental and social.
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A dynamic interaction of the global timber market, global warming, and carbon flux of forest

Author
Dug Lee and Kenneth Lyon

Abstract: Forest management around the globe has been discussed and emphasized as one of the practical environmental protection policies. The Kyoto protocol proposed that promotion of sustainable forest management through afforestation and reforestation will increase the potential carbon sink of forest and thus ameliorate the accumulation of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. In this sense, in order not only to improve the predictive power of forest management but also to measure the precise carbon flux of forest in the global scale, we want to identify the feedback effect of the global timber market on global warming. For this purpose, we already identified the effect of global warming on the global timber market as a primary step (Lee and Lyon, 2001). Based on the simulation results of primary research, we extended our modeling framework by incorporating the Terrestrial Carbon Model designed to investigate the net carbon release into the atmosphere. Simulating both the base TCM and the modified TCM which reflects climate change, we identified the global timber market has a dampening (negative feedback) effect on global warming. For sensitivity analyses, we performed these simulation procedures under three different timber demand growth scenarios.
Keywords: global warming; global timber market; terrestrial carbon model; carbon flux of forest (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q23 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2001-04
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Testing Timber Market Linkages with a STAR Model with Housing Start-Controlled Transitions

Author
Harrison B. Hood and Jeffrey Dorfman

Abstract: Market integration has been widely studied in the past to gain a better understanding of how different markets for the same good interact with one another. Traditional cointegration tests have been used to perform these analyses; however, these tests can only reveal the presence of stable or average long-term relationships. To evaluate market dynamics over time, we modify a time-varying smooth transition autoregressive (TV-STAR) model to examine pine stumpage markets in the U.S. South. The proposed model incorporates an economic indicator and allows us to evaluate market integration as it changes throughout a specified time period. The potential significance of this work is twofold. First, market integration can be observed as a function of an economic indicator, and secondly, the proposed model will allow us to draw inference about market integration at specific time points.
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A dynamic analysis of the global timber market under global warming: an integrated modeling approach

Author
Dug Lee and Kenneth Lyon

Abstract: We developed a dynamic integrated modeling approach to identify the effect of global warming on the global timber market. The Timber Supply Model 2000, BIOME 3, and Hamburg were used as a suitable economic and ecological model. The TSM 2000 was adopted to model dynamic economic behavior in the global timber market. BIOME 3 was utilized as our steady state ecological model, and Hamburg as our general circulation model. The TSM 200 was developed to consider more important up-to-date components in the global timber market. We estimated dynamic ecological change based on the simulation results of BIOME 3 using Hamburg and the linearality assumptions about change in climate and ecosystem. With the estimates of dynamic ecological change, we modified the TSM 2000 to reflect the dynamic ecological change caused by climate change. After simulating the nonclimate base scenario and the climate change scenario of the TSM 2000, we identified that global warming has a positive effect on the global timber market through an increase of timber productions causing stumpage prices to be lower than they otherwise would have been. In the welfare sense, we also examined that global warming is economically beneficial to society through the global timber market. For sensitivity analyses, we performed these simulation procedures under three different timber demand growth scenarios.
Keywords: optimal control theory; global warming; global timber market; timber supply model; ecological change (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q23 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2001-04
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Journal Article: A Dynamic Analysis of the Global Timber Market under Global Warming: An Integrated Modeling Approach (2004)
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The performance of regional timber industry complex

Author
Maxim Shishelov
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Economy of region, 2013, vol. 1, issue 2, pages 114 - 119

Abstract: The article reveals the results of the economic evaluation of the performance of regional timber industry complex of the North-Western Federal District based on the calculation of the structural indicator. The position and the role of forestry in the economy are shown. A comparative assessment of the characteristics of the regional forestry: volume of shipped products, industrial structure, product diversification, deep processing of wood is carried out. Structural economic performance timber for each subject Northwestern Federal District is designed the following factors that determine the high effectiveness of the system: the scale pulp and paper, wood diversification, export products are identified. The important methodological significance is the fact that the use of structural indicators will determine not only the effectiveness of forestry regions North-West in general, but their industries: forestry, woodworking, pulp and paper production, and the level of labor productivity and capital productivity. The presented results are of high practical and methodological value to determine the current state of forestry.
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Modelling regional markets for co-produced timber and biofuel

Author
A. Korobeinikov, P. Read, A. Parshotam and J. Lermit
Ecological Economics, 2010, vol. 69, issue 3, pages 553-561

Abstract: It has been suggested that the large scale use of biofuel, that is fuel derived from biological materials, instead of traditional fossil fuels, especially in combination with reforestation of large areas, can lead to a low-cost reduction in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. In this paper, we attempt to estimate the cost of a policy aimed at the reduction of carbon in the atmosphere. We model an economical system of n geographical regions with inter-regional trade, with the aim of evaluating the impacts of large scale biofuel production and forestry on regional and global energy, wood and land markets. It is shown that the costs under these policies are lower than has been previously expected.
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Quantifying the cost of excess market thickness in timber sale auctions

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International Journal of Industrial Organization, 2009, vol. 27, issue 5, pages 553-566

Abstract: In auctions with endogenous entry, theory predicts that too many potential bidders, or the excess market thickness, may actually decrease the seller's expected revenue and the social welfare generated by the auction. This paper proposes a computationally easy method for estimating the optimal number of potential bidders in timber sale auctions with endogenous entry and an uncertain number of active bidders and then quantifies the cost of excess market thickness. It is found that the welfare loss due to the excess market thickness is moderate in this market.
Keywords: Timber; auctions; Excess; market; thickness; Entry (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2009
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Tuesday, 21 March 2017

ALAT BERAT UNTUK PEMANENAN HUTAN TANAMAN INDUSTRI (HTI)




EXCAVATOR GRAPPLE

Excavator adalah alat berat yang terdiri dari lengan (arm), boom (bahu), serta bucket(alat keruk) atau Grappel (alat cepit) dan digerakkan oleh tenaga hidrolis yang dimotori dengan mesin diesel dan berada diatas roda rantai ( trackshoe). Excavator merupakan alat berat paling serbaguna karena bisa menangani berbagai macam pekerjaan seperti pada kebanyakan perusahaan HTI dalam melakukan pemanenan kayu menggunakan alat excavator jenis grappel karena menggunakan jepit untuk menjepit kayu potongan dengan dibantu alat potong chainsaw . 



DELIMBER


Dipasang pada excavator hidrolik digunakan untuk menghilangkan cabang dari pohon yang ditebang pada industri HTI.


 HARVESTER 
Sebuah alat yang canggih dipasangkan pada excavator untuk digunakan pemanenan, harvester merupakan jenis alat berat untuk pengembangan HTI yang digunakan dalam pengerjaan penebangan cut-to-length,delimbing dan bucking pohon, yang membedakan excavator harvester ini pada attachment bisa cepit,tebang,potong,cincang dan kupas kayu.






FELLER BUNCHER 

Sebuah buncher penebang adalah jenis pemanen yang digunakan dalam penebangan, alat ini adalah alat dengan mesin bermotor yang dapat dengan cepat memotong dan mengumpulkan beberapa pohon.
Sebuah buncher penebangan terdiri dari dasar alat berat standar dengan perangkat 'pencengkeram pohon' dilengkapi dengan gergaji atau pemotong .






FORWARDER

Sebuah forwarder adalah kendaraan kehutanan yang membawa kayu hasil tebangan dari batang kayu misal:acasia/eucalyptus untuk penempatan pada pinggir jalan 










SKIDDER

Sebuah skidder adalah setiap jenis alat berat yang diguanakan dalam pengerjaan penebangan untuk menarik pohon yang telah dipotong dari hutan industri dalam proses yang disebut "meluncur/skidding", dimana beban diangkut  dari tempat pemotongan untuk ditempatkan di pinggir jalan.




SKIDDER CLAM-BUNK

Sebuah skidder clam-bunk adalah rahang hidrolik yang terbuka bagian atas untuk menahan beban pohon saat ekstraksi. Keuntungan jenis grapel ini biasanya muatan lebih banyak yang terletak diatas poros belakang.








SKIDDER LINE
Pada skidder kabel ada kabel/sling yang menjulur keluar dan melekat untuk menarik potongan kayu maka penderek menarik beban kearak skidder. Penderek memegang pohon sementara skidder menyeret kedaerah pendaratan. Alat ini kurang populer karena seseorang ( helper operator ) harus menarik tali winch untuk log dan menghubungkannya.







BULLDOZER

Alat dozer adalah jenis peralatan kontruksi bertipe tractor menggunakan track/rantai serta dilengkapi dengan pisau (dikenal dengan blade) yang terletak di depan. Bulldozer diaplikasikan untuk pekerjaan menggali, mendorong dan menarik material. Pada proses hutan industri digunakan untuk kegiatan kebersihan lahan tanpa bakar / land clearing, biasanya digunakan untuk wilayah darat, dewasa ini bulldozer tidak lagi digunakan untuk pembersihan areal setelah penebangan kayu dikarenakn menggerus top soil (lapisan tanah subur) jadi pada hutan industri bulldozer digunakan untuk infrastruktur jalan.


Semoga informasi mengenai jenis alat berat untuk proses pemanenan kayu HTI dapat bermanfaat dan berguna bagi pembaca. Terima kasih

Salam,
Forester






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Estimating welfare effects from supply shocks with dynamic factor demand models

Author
Adam J. Daigneault, Brent Sohngen and Sei Jin Kim
Forest Policy and Economics, 2016, vol. 73, issue C, pages 41-51

Abstract: This paper examines how the demand for commodities adjusts to supply shocks, and shows the importance of capturing this adjustment process when calculating welfare effects. A dynamic capital adjustment model for U.S. softwood stumpage markets is developed, and compared to a traditional lagged adjustment model. The results show that timber markets in the U.S. adjusted to the large supply shock of the late 1980's over a 5 to 8year period. Our short-run price elasticity estimates are similar to the existing literature, ranging from −0.002 to −0.253, although our estimates show that the demand is substantially more elastic in the long-run, with long-run elasticity estimates ranging from −0.134 to −0.506. If this adjustment in the demand function is taken into account when calculating welfare effects, the effects of the supply shock in timber markets of the late 1980's on consumer surplus declines by over 50% compared to the estimated effects when using the short-run model, and the total welfare effects decline by 37%.
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Fasting for Runners

Author BY   ANDREA CESPEDES  Food is fuel, especially for serious runners who need a lot of energy. It may seem counterintuiti...