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Thursday, 6 April 2017

The positive aspects of the natural environment in shaping the regional identity of young people

Author
Adamczewska Maria (maria.adamczewska@geo.uni.lodz.pl)
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Environmental & Socio-economic Studies, 2015, vol. 3, issue 3, pages 47-57

Abstract: The relations between man and nature constitute an immemorial subject of the geographical research. Man, while striving to understand the surrounding world and its secrets, simultaneously alters and transforms it. The importance of knowing the rules of rational functioning in the natural environment, especially in the modern, globalized world is proven by it being a subject of schooling at all education levels. The purpose of the students gaining knowledge on the natural environment and the rules of its normal functioning in order to provide a balanced development thereof, is also meant to shape appropriate attitudes, consciousness and responsibility for the natural environment, both in the global and local aspects. Therefore, an attempt to determine the significance of the natural environment in shaping the sense of local identity in young people has been made. Studies on the local and regional identity have been conducted with the high schoolers from the Łódź voivodeship using the survey method. The results of the research allowed to determine the level of knowledge on the natural environment in the area of the students’ places of residence, including the areas protected by law. A high importance of natural values in shaping the pride of a person’s place of residence was also proven. Moreover, it turned out that the advantages of the natural habitat are in a high position in terms of areas considered “magical places”. The natural environment values are more likely to shape local identities in students residing in rural areas, in a direct neighbourhood of protected areas, forests or rivers.
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Anthropogenic causes of wetland loss and degradation in the lower Kłodnica valley (southern Poland)

Author
Wójcicki Krzysztof J. (krzysztof.wojcicki@us.edu.pl) and Woskowicz-Ślęzak Beata
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Environmental & Socio-economic Studies, 2015, vol. 3, issue 4, pages 20-29

Abstract: Loss and degradation of wetlands is now one of the most important environmental issues on a global scale. Previous research based on analyses of cartographic materials allow for quantification of changes in wetland area in recent centuries. The results of lithological research of peat cores, reported in this publication, have established that the processes of anthropogenic loss of wetlands can be much older and in the Kłodnica valley were initiated in the first millennium BC. As a result of increased mineral sedimentation accompanying soil erosion some peatlands have been fossilized whilst the area of others has been reduced. In total, the surface area of peat-forming wetlands in the bottom of the Kłodnica valley decreased by over 60% between the time of the Lusatian Culture settlement and the Middle Ages. Post-peatland habitats are recently used for agricultural or colonized by non-peat forming vegetation. These processes have played a more important role in the degradation of peatland ecosystems than the direct human impact in historic times. Changes in hydrographic networks, land drainage and regulation of water levels in rivers and canals in the last century have contributed to further reducing the wetland areas by almost 50% compared to the 1880s. These processes, however, have mainly affected ephemeral non-peat forming wetlands.
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Multi-benefits of national parks and protected areas: an integrative approach for developing countries

Author
Atiqul Hag Shah Md. (shahatiq1@yahoo.com)
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Environmental & Socio-economic Studies, 2016, vol. 4, issue 1, pages 1-11

Abstract: National parks and protected areas can contribute significantly to the needs of poor people who live in and around them and depend heavily on forest resources for their subsistence. Especially for the rural poor who have limited economic options, use of national park resources are the main source for their survival, giving them direct benefits from food, medicine and forest products. National parks can contribute to maintaining the ecosystem and biodiversity conservation, along with the economic benefits to the local population. National parks and protected areas can play a significant role in climate change mitigation as well. Nevertheless, benefits from these areas are not well recognized in management especially in developing countries by incorporating them for climate change mitigation. Though usually more priority is given to conservation, improvement of livelihood and climate change mitigation can be achieved by integrating national parks into management and policy, and by consideration of the potential of human resources. Thus the integration can improve the poverty situation of local people and help them to adapt to climatic change mitigation strategies. Therefore, management of national parks and protected areas should ensure the participation of local communities and stakeholders.
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Sustainable wood waste management in Nigeria

Author
Owoyemi Jacob Mayowa, Zakariya Habeeb Olawale and Elegbede Isa Olalekan(isaelegbede@gmail.com)
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Environmental & Socio-economic Studies, 2016, vol. 4, issue 3, pages 1-9

Abstract: Wood industries produce large volumes of residues which must be utilized, marketed or properly disposed of. Heaps of wood residues are common features in wood industries throughout the year. In Nigeria, this residue is generally regarded as waste and this has led to open burning practices, dumping in water bodies or dumping in an open area which constitutes environmental pollution. Sawmills in Nigeria generated over 1,000,000 m3 of wood waste in 2010 while about 5000 m3 of waste was generated in plywood mills. Nigeria generates about 1.8 million tons of sawdust annually and 5.2 million tons of wood wastes. The impact of improper disposal of waste wood on the environment affects both the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Also burning of waste wood releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere causing various health issues. Reuse/recycling of these wood residues in Nigeria will reduce the pressure on our ever decreasing forests, reduce environmental pollution, create wealth and employment. The literature available on this subject was reviewed and this article, therefore, focuses on the various methods of wood waste disposal and its utilization in Nigerian wood industries, the effects of wood waste on the environment as well as on human health and the benefits of proper wood waste management practices.
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Localised Low-tech Learning in the Furniture Industry

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Abstract: It is by now an established fact, that the so-called high technology industries have experienced growth rates way above average through most years. High technology industries share of the world manufacturers export has risen from 12 per cent in 1970 to 25 per cent in 1995. More than one-third of Japan's manufacturing export and more than 40 per cent of America's manufacturing export are products from high technology industries, and this development has increasingly led to an international obsession with high technology industries. In a number of countries R&D indicators have by now become the object of intense discussions. Great efforts are devoted to improve a bad relative standing. The aim of this paper is to questioned whether a national specialisation towards high technology industries is the only way by which the mature, developed countries can hope to sustain and augment their economic position. I claim that in contrast to much of the assumptions in contemporary politics and in the majority of the contemporary academic literature on the subject the countries without a specialisation in high technology industries are not left in the backwaters of economic development. Quite the contrary seems to be the case as many advanced, high-cost countries experience an above average economic performance even when specialising in the bottom end of the low-tech industries. The argument is illustrated with empirical material from the wooden furniture industry in general - and the rather successful Danish wooden furniture industry in particular. The possible reasons behind this apparent paradox are discussed.
Keywords: International competitiveness; industrial clusters; wooden furniture industry; level of technology (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: L1 L68 O18 O31 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 1996
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Detoxification of a Lignocellulosic Waste from a Pulp Mill to Enhance Its Fermentation Prospects

Author
Tamara Llano (tamara.llano@unican.es), Natalia Quijorna(natalia.quijorna.kyburz@gmail.com) and Alberto Coz (coza@unican.es)
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Energies, 2017, vol. 10, issue 3, pages 1-18

Abstract: Detoxification is required for sugar bioconversion and hydrolyzate valorization within the biorefining concept for biofuel or bio-product production. In this work, the spent sulfite liquor, which is the main residue provided from a pulp mill, has been detoxified. Evaporation, overliming, ionic exchange resins, and adsorption with activated carbon or black carbon were considered to separate the sugars from the inhibitors in the lignocellulosic residue. Effectiveness in terms of total and individual inhibitor removals, sugar losses and sugar-to-inhibitor removal ratio was determined. The best results were found using the cation exchange Dowex 50WX2 resin in series with the anion exchange Amberlite IRA-96 resin, which resulted in sugar losses of 24.2% with inhibitor removal of 71.3% of lignosulfonates, 84.8% of phenolics, 82.2% acetic acid, and 100% of furfurals. Apart from exchange resins, the results of evaporation, overliming, adsorption with activated carbon and adsorption with black carbon led to total inhibitor removals of 8.6%, 44.9%, 33.6% and 47.6%, respectively. Finally, some fermentation scenarios were proposed in order to evaluate the most suitable technique or combination of techniques that should be implemented in every case.
Keywords: biorefinery; detoxification; fermentation; inhibitors; spent sulfite liquor; sugars (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
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http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/10/3/348/pdf (application/pdf)
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Are There Price Premiums for Certified Wood?Empirical Evidence from Log Auction Data in Japan

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Abstract: By using data on more than 38,000 log auction transactions from market in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, we estimate whether there is a price premium for certification of sustainable forest management. We found a positive and significant effect of certification for logs, especially in the smaller diameter category. The reason for the difference between diameter size can be attributed to demand from pulp and paper manufacturers. The premium found was 1.8% of the price of conventional logs, in the lower range of additional willingness to pay found in previous studies that used stated preference techniques. An analysis that includes a pre-certification equilibrium price suggests that Japanese certification is unsuccessful despite the existence of a price premium.
Keywords: Forest certification; Price premium; Log auction; Japan (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2012-06
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http://www.econ.kobe-u.ac.jp/RePEc/koe/wpaper/2012/1209.pdf (application/pdf)
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Shea ( Vitellaria paradoxa ) Butter Production and Resource Use by Urban and Rural Processors in Northern Ghana

Author
Godfred Seidu Jasaw (jasaw@isp.unu.edu), Osamu Saito (saito@unu.edu) and Kazuhiko Takeuchi (takeuchi@unu.edu)
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Sustainability, 2015, vol. 7, issue 4, pages 1-23

Abstract: This article explores the use of field experimentation in presenting an account of input inventory, material quantities, and the process flow for shea butter production in Ghana. The shea fruit is a non-timber forest product (NTFP) that is indigenous to ecosystems in semi-arid regions of Africa. Current methods and equipment for processing shea kernel into butter impose a dilemma of excessive harvesting of fuel wood for heating and the use of large quantities of water. Thus, the nature of input requirement and production process presents implications for conflict over natural resource use and for sustainability as more processing takes place. Material flow analysis was applied to the data generated from the processing experiments. The outcome was discussed in focus group discussion sessions and individual interviews as a way of data triangulation to validate study parameters. Results from this experiment showed that the quantity of water used in urban processing sites was higher than that used in rural sites. On the other hand, fuel wood use and labor expended were found to be higher in rural sites per unit processing cycle. The nature of the processing equipment, accessibility to input resources, and target market for shea butter were key determinants of the varying resource quantities used in the production process.
Keywords: shea butter; resource use; material flow analysis; field experimentation; urban processors; rural processors; material quantities; fuel wood; water; labor; Ghana(search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 O13 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2015
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The office furniture market in Japan

Author
Sara Colautti (colautti@csilmilano.com), Mauro Spinelli (spinelli@csilmilano.com) and Michela Amico (amico@csilmilano.com)
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Authors registered in the RePEc Author Service: Sara Paoletti

Abstract: Japan is the main office furniture manufacturer and consumer in the Region Asia-Pacific (excluding China and India), accounting for 57% of total production and 59% of total consumption. According to CSIL report Office Furniture Outlook, Japan is one of the major producing countries. The Report. 'The office furniture market in Japan' analyses supply structure, market demand, import-export flows, competitive system, providing statistical data and trends of office furniture production and consumption, as well as import and export data. The main destination area for Japanese office furniture exports was Asia and Pacific followed by North America. 2014 forecasts on office furniture demand in real term is provided. Competitive system. It includes sales figures, market shares and short profiles of selected top office furniture companies: in Japan top four control over 80% of the market.Market Potential Analysis. After the earthquake of 2011, Japan economy is experiencing a recovery. This report give you a wide range of data on macro-economic indicators, employment by occupation, trends in the non-residential building sector and evolution of the office spaces in the main urban agglomerations. Some of the relevant office buildings inaugurated and upcoming completions have been reported. In Tokyo the vacancy rate in 2013, showing rapid decrease especially in the second half of the year.
JEL-codes: L11 L22 L68 L81 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2014-01
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Competition of wood products with different fiber transformation and import sources

Author
Changyou Sun
Forest Policy and Economics, 2017, vol. 74, issue C, pages 30-39

Abstract: Japan and China have been two leading importers of wood products in the global market, and the trade pattern for China since 1993 has largely repeated that for Japan in the 1960s. In this study, the import demand of wood products in Japan and China between 1995 and 2013 by product type and source is assessed using the translog cost function and cointegration analysis. Wood products are classified into three main types by the degree of processing and transformation on wood fiber: roundwood, sawnwood, and wood-based panels. The own-price elasticities are overall inelastic, but they can become very elastic for some source-differentiated products (e.g., sawnwood import by Japan and roundwood import by China from the United States). Clear substitutability across product types and supplying sources is identified. Wood products with a different degree of processing or from different sources can be substituted with each other when they are used by wood-utilizing industries in the importing countries. The substitute relation will continue to present both opportunities for economic development and challenges for global environment protection.
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Fasting for Runners

Author BY   ANDREA CESPEDES  Food is fuel, especially for serious runners who need a lot of energy. It may seem counterintuiti...