The pulp and paper industry comprises companies that use wood as raw material and produce pulp, paper, board and other cellulose-based products.
The industry is dominated by North American (United States and Canada), Northern European (Finland, Sweden and North-West Russia) and East Asian countries (such as East Siberian Russia, China, Japan, and South Korea, Australasia and Brazil also have significant pulp and paper enterprises. The United States had been the world's leading producer of paper until it was overtaken by China in 2009.
The industry is criticized by environmental groups like the Natural Resources Defense Council for unsustainable deforestation and clearcutting of old-growth forest. The industry trend is to expand globally to countries like Russia, China and Indonesia with low wages and low environmental oversight. According to Greenpeace, farmers in Central America illegally rip up vast tracts of native forest for cattle and soybean production without any consequences, and companies who buy timber from private land owners contribute to massive deforestation of the Amazon Rainforest.
Considering that the pulp and paper industry is a practitioner of nanotechnology, then it is easily the world's largest.
List of Main Countries by Production Quantity.
According to statistic data by RISI, main producing countries of paper and paperboard, not including pulp, in the world are as follows:
List of Main Company Groups by Production Quantity.
The world's main paper and paperboard company groups are as follows. (Some figures are estimates.):
List by Net Sales2007
In 2007, the top 10 forest paper and packaging products companies were:
2008
In 2008, the top 10 forest, paper and packaging products companies were:
Leading manufacturers of capital equipment with over $1 billion in annual revenue for the pulp and paper industry include:
- ^ De Sisti, Mike (12 December 2012). "China's Paper Operation".Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
- ^ "NRDC: Paper Industry Laying Waste to North American Forests". www.nrdc.org. Retrieved 2016-02-19.
- ^ "A crumpling paper industry". Oregon Local News. Retrieved 2016-02-19.
- ^ "Amazon draught speeds up destruction The WE News Archives". www.thewe.cc. Retrieved 2016-02-19.
- ^ Phillips, Tom (2011-05-20). "Brazil forms 'crisis cabinet' following unexpected deforestation surge". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2016-02-19.
- ^ Pira International Ltd. Nanotechnology in Paper Production. iSmithers Rapra Publishing. ISBN 184735811X.
- ^ Hubbe, M.A. (2006). "Does production of the world's highest-tonnage manufactured item often involve nanotechnology?". Nanotechnology Perceptions 2 (3): 263–265. ISSN 1660-6795.
- ^ "Japan in the World (according to the figure in Annual Review of Global Pulp and Paper Statistics by RISI)" (in Japanese). Japan Paper Association. Retrieved Dec.17, 2011 and Nov.15, 2012. Check date values in:
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(help) - ^ "The PPI Top 100 - most companies in the black. RISI. Retrieved 2011-12-17.
- ^ "Global Forest, Paper & Packaging Industry Survey: 2008 Edition – Survey of 2007 Results" (pdf). PricewaterhouseCoopers. p. 7. Retrieved 2011-02-24.
- ^ "Global Forest, Paper & Packaging Industry Survey: 2009 Edition - Survey of 2008 Results" (pdf). PricewaterhouseCoopers. p. 12. Retrieved 2011-02-24.
- Confederation of European Paper Industries
- American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA)
- Forest Products Association of Canada (FPAC
- Wikipedia
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