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Thursday, 18 August 2016

Comparative Biology of Tropical Trees: a Perspective from Pasoh

Published Date

pp 171-194

Title 

Comparative Biology of Tropical Trees: a Perspective from Pasoh

  • Author 
  • Sean C. Thomas

Abstract

From the late 1960s, tree species at Pasoh Forest Reserve (Pasoh FR) have been the focus of numerous comparative studies. Research to date has examined spatial distributions and edaphic preferences, reproductive phenology, vertical stratification, and interactions with pollinators and seed predators. Recent studies have also begun to address physiological and morphological bases for ecological variation. Pasoh FR is dominated by groups of trees that are phylogenetically closely related. As many as 47 species within a single genus (Eugenia) occur in sympatry at the site. Detailed studies of several of these speciose groups indicate that described morphospecies correspond to reproductivelyisolated taxa. Closely related species commonly differ in terms of reproductive timing, microhabitat preference, and vertical stratum at maturity. Comparative studies have also emphasized several bases for ecological “niche differentiation” at Pasoh, both within and among phylogenetic groups. Tree species at the site show pronounced differences in terms of vertical stratification, and relative to local patterns of water flow, soil parent material, and light requirements for growth. Recent theoretical studies suggest that niche differentiation may not be necessary to maintain high species richness in tropical forest communities. How, then, should one interpret the large ecological differences found among tree species at Pasoh FR? The existence of large interspecific differences in such characteristics as demographic rate parameters and size at reproduction indicates that one central assumption of “null” models-that species are equivalent-is simply incorrect. Models that fully incorporate interspecific ecological differences as well as dispersal limitation and other central elements of null models of tropical forest communities are needed to further our theoretical understanding of tropical tree diversity, and to better predict tropical forest responses to human and natural disturbance. Comparative studies are essential to parameterize and test such models, and also serve an important role in providing basic “silvics” information essential to forest management and conservation in the region.

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