Effect of oil sands process-affected water on toxicity of retene to early life-stages of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)

Published Date

July 2016, Vol.176:1–9, doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.04.009

Title 

Effect of oil sands process-affected water on toxicity of retene to early life-stages of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)

• Author 

• Hattan A. Alharbi ^a
• Garrett Morandi ^a
• John P. Giesy ^a,b,c,d,e,,
• Steve B. Wiseman ^a,,

• aToxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada,
• bDepartment of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
• cZoology Department, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
• dSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
• eState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

Received 8 February 2016. Revised 9 April 2016. Accepted 11 April 2016. Available online 12 April 2016.

Highlights

• •
  Retene, but not OSPW, caused edema and expression of CYP1A in J. medaka embryos.
• •
  Effects of retene were greater in embryos co-exposed to retene and OSPW.
• •
  OSPW might have increased exposure and uptake, but inhibited metabolism, of retene.
• •
  Effects of OSPW on toxicity of retene were attenuated by aging of OSPW.

Abstract

Toxicity of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) to aquatic organisms has been studied, but effects of co-exposure to OSPW and polycyclic-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are an important class of chemicals in tailings ponds used to store OSPW, has not been investigated. The goal of the current study was to determine if organic compounds extracted from the aqueous phase of relatively fresh OSPW from Base-Mine Lake (BML-OSPW) or aged OSPW from Pond 9 experimental reclamation pond (P9-OSPW) modulated toxic potency of the model alkyl-PAH, retene, to early life-stages of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Embryos were exposed to retene by use of a partition controlled delivery (PCD) system made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) until day of hatch. Incidences of pericardial edema and expression of CYP1Awere not significantly greater in larvae exposed only to dissolved organic compounds from either OSPW but were significantly greater in larvae exposed only to retene. Expression of CYP1A and incidences of pericardial edema were significantly greater in larvae co-exposed to retene and 5 × equivalent of dissolved organic compounds from BML-OSPW compared to retene alone. However, there was no effect of co-exposure to retene and either a 1 × equivalent of dissolved organic compounds from BML-OSPW or 5 × equivalent of dissolved organic compounds from P9-OSPW. While there was evidence that exposure to 5 × equivalent of dissolved organic compounds from BML-OSPW caused oxidative stress, there was no evidence of this effect in larvae exposed only to retene or co-exposed to retene and a 5 × equivalent of dissolved organic compounds from BML-OSPW. These results suggest that oxidative stress is not a mechanism of pericardial edema in early-life stages of Japanese medaka. Relatively fresh OSPW from Base Mine Lake might influence toxicity of alkylated-PAHs to early life stages of fishes but this effect would not be expected to occur at current concentrations of OSPW and is attenuated by aging of OSPW.

Keywords

• Alkyl-PAH
• Orbitrap
• Ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry
• Tailings pond
• Bitumen
• Naphthenic acids
• Edema
• Surfactant

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• ⁎ 
  Corresponding authors at: Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. Fax: +1 306 966 4796.

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