Blog List

Monday, 15 August 2016

Wood

Published Date
Date: 

Title 

Wood

  • Author 
  • Helena Cruz 
  • Dennis Jones
  • Lina Nunes

Abstract

The growing diversity of wood products and their uses contradicts the idea that wood is a traditional material, which has always been used by humans with a minimum of modification, widely known and still mainly processed on an empirical knowledge basis. Since wood is a natural material, there is a plethora of information about its production, about the forestry concerns in environmental terms and the wood’s value within the context of sustainability of the construction. Given the objectives of this publication, this chapter would cover mainly the aspects that can more directly help engineers and architects regarding the use of wood in construction. Together with a basic knowledge of the material, which is considered indispensable, a point has been made to provide guidelines for the selection of wood and its application in the construction industry.

References

  1. 1.
    Machado JS, et al (2009) Madeira como Material Estrutural. In: Avaliação, Conservação e Reforço de Estruturas de Madeira. Verlag Dashöfer, Lisbon: pp. 5–22
  2. 2.
    Forest Products Laboratory (1999) Wood Handbook: Wood as an engineered material. Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL–GTR–113. United States Department of Agriculture, Madison, WI, p. 463
  3. 3.
    Machado JS (1996) Madeiras de Folhosas e Resinosas. Nomenclatura Comercial. ITES 11. LNEC, Lisbon, p 64
  4. 4.
    NP 180, Anomalias e Defeitos da Madeira. IPQ, Lisbon
  5. 5.
    EN 942, Timber in joinery—general classification of timber quality. CEN, Brussels
  6. 6.
    NP 4305, Madeira Serrada de Pinheiro Bravo para Estruturas—Classificação Visual. IPQ, Lisboa
  7. 7.
    LNEC (1997) Pinho bravo para estruturas.. Madeira para Construção—Ficha M2. Lisbon, LNEC
  8. 8.
    LNEC (1997) Humidade da madeira. Madeira para Construção – Ficha M9. Lisbon, LNEC
  9. 9.
    Carvalho A (1996) Madeiras Portuguesas. Vol.1: Estrutura Anatómica, Propriedades, Utilizações. Instituto Florestal. p. 340
  10. 10.
    EN 13183-1, Moisture content of a piece of sawn timber. Part 1: determination by oven dry method. CEN, Brussels
  11. 11.
    LNEC (1997) Especificação de Madeira para Estruturas. Madeira para Construção—Ficha M1. LNEC, Lisbon
  12. 12.
    EN 1995-1-1, Eurocode 5: design of timber structures. Part 1-1: general—common rules and rules for buildings. CEN, Brussels
  13. 13.
    EN 338, Structural timber—strength classes. CEN, Brussels
  14. 14.
    EN 1912, Structural timber: strength classes—assignment of visual grades and species. CEN, Brussels
  15. 15.
    LNEC (1997) Revestimentos por Pintura de Madeira para Exteriores. Madeira para Construção – Ficha M10. LNEC, Lisbon
  16. 16.
    EN 1995-1-2, Eurocode 5: design of timber structures. Part 1-2: general—structural fire design. CEN, Brussels
  17. 17.
    EN 335 (2013), Durability of wood and wood-based products. Use Classes: definitions, application to solid wood and wood-based products. CEN, Brussels
  18. 18.
    Nunes L (2008) Termite infestation risk in Portuguese historic buildings. Cost Action IE0601 «Wood Science for Conservation of Cultural Heritage». Braga, Portugal, 5 a 7 de Novembro de 2008. Online http://​www.​woodculther.​org/​
  19. 19.
    Nunes L et al (2010) First records of urban invasive Cryptotermes brevis (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) in continental Spain and Portugal. J Appl Entomol 134:637–640. doi:10.​1111/​j.​1439-0418.​2009.​01490.​x
  20. 20.
    EN 350-1, Durability of wood and wood-based products. Natural durability of solid wood. Part 1: guide to the principles of testing and classification of the natural durability of wood. CEN, Brussels
  21. 21.
    EN 350-2, Durability of wood and wood-based products. Natural durability of solid wood. Part 2: guide to natural durability and treatability of selected wood species of importance in Europe. CEN, Brussels
  22. 22.
    EN 460, Durability of wood and wood-based products. Natural durability of solid wood. Guide to the durability requirements for wood to be used in hazard classes. CEN, Brussels
  23. 23.
    EN 351-1, Durability of wood and wood-based products preservative-treated solid wood. Part 1: classification of preservative penetration and retention. CEN, Brussels
  24. 24.
    EN 351-2, Durability of wood and wood-based products. Preservative-treated solid wood. Part 2: guidance on sampling for the analysis of preservative-treated wood. CEN, Brussels
  25. 25.
    EN 599-1, Durability of wood and wood-based products. Efficacy of preventive wood preservatives as determined by biological tests. Part 1: specification according to use class. CEN, Brussels
  26. 26.
    Machado JS (2005) Placas de Derivados de Madeira. Tipos de Placas e sua Especificação. Informação Técnica de Estruturas, ITES 14. LNEC, Lisbon, p 96
  27. 27.
    EN 312, Particleboards. Specifications. CEN, Brussels
  28. 28.
    EN 622-1, Fibreboards. Specifications—Part 1: general requirements. CEN, Brussels
  29. 29.
    EN 636, Plywood. Specifications. CEN, Brussels
  30. 30.
    EN 12369-1, Wood-based panels. Characteristic values for structural design—part 1: OSB, particleboards and fibreboards. CEN, Brussels
  31. 31.
    EN 12369-2, Wood-based panels. Characteristic values for structural design—part 2: plywood. CEN, Brussels
  32. 32.
    EN 12369-3, Wood-based panels. Characteristic values for structural design—part 3: solid-wood panels. CEN, Brussels
  33. 33.
    EN 14080, Timber structures. Glued laminated timber and glued solid timber. Requirements. CEN, Brussels
  34. 34.
    Cruz H (2007) Estruturas de Madeira Lamelada colada em Portugal. Instrumentos para a Garantia da Qualidade. Revista Portuguesa de Engenharia de Estruturas, Série II 1:45–56
  35. 35.
    EN 1194, Timber structures. Glued laminated timber. Strength classes and determination of characteristic values. CEN, Brussels
  36. 36.
    EN 14374, Timber Structures. Structural Laminated Veneer Lumber. Requirements. CEN, Brussels

For further details log on website :
http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-08236-3_12

No comments:

Post a Comment

Advantages and Disadvantages of Fasting for Runners

Author BY   ANDREA CESPEDES  Food is fuel, especially for serious runners who need a lot of energy. It may seem counterintuiti...