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Tuesday, 24 January 2017
Analysis of biomass-residue-based cogeneration system in palm oil mills
Published Date
Biomass and Bioenergy February 2003, Vol.24(2):117–124,doi:10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00101-0
Author
Z. Husain,
Z.A. Zainal
M.Z. Abdullah
School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus, University Science Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal Seberang Perai Seletan, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Received 5 November 2001. Revised 10 July 2002. Accepted 19 July 2002. Available online 6 December 2002.
Abstract
Palm oil mills in Malaysia operate on cogeneration system using biomass residue as fuel in the boiler. The boiler produces high pressure and temperature steam which expands in a backpressure steam turbine and produces enough electric power for the internal needs of the mill. The exhaust steam from the turbine goes to an accumulator which distributes the steam to various processes in the mill.
The study were made on seven palm oil mills in the Perak state in Malaysia. The primary objectives of the study are to determine boiler and turbine efficiencies, energy utilization factor, oil extraction rate and heat/power ratio for various palm oil mills working under similar conditions and adopting same processes. The palm oil industry is one of those rare industries where very little attempt is made to save energy. The energy balance in a typical palm oil mill is far from optimum and there is considerable scope for improvement. Bench-marking is necessary for the components in the mill. Energy-use bench-marking can give an overview of energy performance of the mills. The calculations were done to get net gain in power when back pressure turbine is replaced by a condensing turbine.
It was found that the boiler and turbine have low thermal efficiencies compared to conventional ones used in power plants due to non-homogeneity and non-uniform quality of the fuel. The extraction rate was around 0.188. The use of condensing turbine increase the power output by 60% and the utilization factor was found to be 65% for the cogeneration system.
Keywords
Biomass
Shell
Fiber
Fresh fruit bunch
Empty fruit bunch
Palm oil mill
CHP (combined heat and power)
Nomenclature
B
boiler
T
turbine
C
condenser
G
generator
P
pressure
T
temperature
CV
calorific value
TNB
Tenaga Nasional Berhad (National Electricity Board)
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