Characterization of Biomass Pellet Made from Solid Waste Oil Palm Industry

Published Date
Procedia Environmental Sciences
2014, Vol.20:336–341, doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2014.03.042
The 4th International Conference on Sustainable Future for Human Security SUSTAIN 2013
Open Access, Creative Commons license

Author 

• Sasa Sofyan Munawar ^a,b,,
 
• Bambang Subiyanto ^b

• aResearch and Development Unit for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
• bCenter for Inovation, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong, Bogor, 16912, Indonesia

Available online 2 May 2014.

Abstract

To utilize various potential agricultural residues, pellet making was performed and the pellets obtained were characterized in this study. Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), oil palm frond (OPF), oil palm shell (OPS) and oil palm mesocarp (OPM) were employed as feedstock. Biopellet production was started with material crushing to get uniform material and then continued with pellet forming. Pellet making was conducted using conventional pelletizer under temperatures of 150, 200 and 250 °C for 15 minutes. Some characteristics were measured to determine biopellet quality, i.e. moisture content, density, ash content and calorific value. Based on the water content, ash content, density and calorific value, OPM biopellets that pressed at 200 and 250 °C showed the best formula. The characteristics of this biopellet were moisture content of 1.7-1.9%, ash of 6.85-7.45%, and calorific value of 3,814-4,724 kcal/kg.

Keywords

Oil palm solid waste

flat-dye pelletizer

pellet

calorific value

---

References

1. • [1]
   • Indonesian Energy Outlook. 2002.
2. • [2]
   • El Bassam N. dan P. Maegaard. 2004. Integrated Renewable Energy or Rural Communities. Planning guidelines, Technologies and Applications. Elsevier. Amsterdam.
3. • [3]
   • Yamada K, M. Kanada, Q. Wang, K. Sakamoto, I. Uchiyama, T. Mizoguchi dan Y. Zhou. 2005. Utility of Coal-Biomass Briquette for Remediation of Indoor Air Pollution Caused by Coal Burning in Rural Area, in China. Proceedings: Indoor Air 2005-3671.
4. • [4]
   • Bergman R. dan J. Zerbe. 2004. Primer on Wood Biomass for Energy. USDA Forest Service, State and Private Forestry Technology Marketing Unit Forest Products Laboratory. Madison, Wisconsin.
5. • [5]
   • Hill, J., Nelson, E., Tilman, D., Polasky, S., and Tiffany, D. Environmental, economic, and energetic costs and benefits of biodiesel and ethanol biofuels, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 103, 11 206-11 210, 2006.
6. • [6]
   • Fasina, O.O., Sokhnansanj. Storage and handling characteristic of alfalfa pellets. Powder Handling and Prosessing 1966:8, 361-165.
7. • [7]
   • Fasina, O.O., Sokhansanj, S. Equilibrium moisture relations and heat of sorption of alfalfa pellets, Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research. 1993; 56: 1-63.
8. • [8]
   • McMullen, J., Fasina, O.O., Wood, C.W., Feng, Y. Storage and handling characteristics of pellets from poultry litter, Applied Engineering in Agriculture.2005;21, 645-651.
9. • [9]
   • Grover, V.; Hogland,W. (2002) Recovering energy from waste - various aspects: Science Publishers, Inc., Enfield (NH), USA, Plymouth, UK, 338 pages, ISBN 1-57808-200-5.
10. • [10]
    • Palz W. dan J. Coombs. 1985. Energy from Biomass. 3rd Edition. Elsevier Aplied Science. London.

• ☆
  Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the SustaiN conference committee and supported by Kyoto University; (RISH), (OPIR), (GCOE-ARS) and (GSS) as co-hosts.

• ⁎ 
  Corresponding author. Tel.: +62 2187914511; fax: +62 2187914510.

Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

For further details log on website :
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878029614000437