Production of first and second generation biofuels: A comprehensive review

Published Date
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
February 2010, Vol.14(2):578–597, doi:10.1016/j.rser.2009.10.003

Author 

• S.N. Naik ^a,b,,,
• Vaibhav V. Goud ^b,c
• Prasant K. Rout ^b
• Ajay K. Dalai ^b

• aCenter for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
• bCatalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A9, Canada
• cDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati, Assam, India

Received 3 August 2009. Accepted 9 October 2009. Available online 5 November 2009. 

Abstract

Sustainable economic and industrial growth requires safe, sustainable resources of energy. For the future re-arrangement of a sustainable economy to biological raw materials, completely new approaches in research and development, production, and economy are necessary. The ‘first-generation’ biofuels appear unsustainable because of the potential stress that their production places on food commodities. For organic chemicals and materials these needs to follow a biorefinery model under environmentally sustainable conditions. Where these operate at present, their product range is largely limited to simple materials (i.e. cellulose, ethanol, and biofuels). Second generation biorefineries need to build on the need for sustainable chemical products through modern and proven green chemical technologies such as bioprocessing including pyrolysis, Fisher Tropsch, and other catalytic processes in order to make more complex molecules and materials on which a future sustainable society will be based. This review focus on cost effective technologies and the processes to convert biomass into useful liquid biofuels and bioproducts, with particular focus on some biorefinery concepts based on different feedstocks aiming at the integral utilization of these feedstocks for the production of value added chemicals.

Keywords

First generation biofuel

Second generation biofuel

Biorefinery

Biomass

Bio-oil

---

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Scheme 1.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7.

 Table 1

Table 1.

Fig. 8.

Fig. 9.

Fig. 10.

 Table 2

Table 2.

Fig. 11.

Fig. 12.

 Table 3

Table 3.

Fig. 13.

 Table 4

Table 4.

Fig. 14.

Fig. 15.

Fig. 16.

Fig. 17.

Fig. 18.

Fig. 19.

Fig. 20.

 Table 5

Table 5.

• ⁎ 
  Corresponding author at: Center for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India. Tel.: +91 11 26591162; fax: +91 11 26591121.

Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

For further details log on website :
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032109002342?via%3Dihub