Tropical forest carbon balance in a warmer world: a critical review spanning microbial- to ecosystem-scale processes.

Published Date
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2012 Nov;87(4):912-27. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2012.00232.x. Epub 2012 May 21.

Author
 Wood TE1, Cavaleri MA, Reed SC.

Author information

1

International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Jardín Botánico Sur, Río Piedras, PR, USA. wood.tana@gmail.com

Abstract

Tropical forests play a major role in regulating global carbon (C) fluxes and stocks, and even small changes to C cycling in this productive biome could dramatically affect atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2) ) concentrations. Temperature is expected to increase over all land surfaces in the future, yet we have a surprisingly poor understanding of how tropical forests will respond to this significant climatic change. Here we present a contemporary synthesis of the existing data and what they suggest about how tropical forests will respond to increasing temperatures. Our goals were to: (i) determine whether there is enough evidence to support the conclusion that increased temperature will affect tropical forest C balance; (ii) if there is sufficient evidence, determine what direction this effect will take; and, (iii) establish what steps should to be taken to resolve the uncertainties surrounding tropical forest responses to increasing temperatures. We approach these questions from a mass-balance perspective and therefore focus primarily on the effects of temperature on inputs and outputs of C, spanning microbial- to ecosystem-scale responses. We found that, while there is the strong potential for temperature to affect processes related to C cycling and storage in tropical forests, a notable lack of data combined with the physical, biological and chemical diversity of the forests themselves make it difficult to resolve this issue with certainty. We suggest a variety of experimental approaches that could help elucidate how tropical forests will respond to warming, including large-scale in situ manipulation experiments, longer term field experiments, the incorporation of a range of scales in the investigation of warming effects (both spatial and temporal), as well as the inclusion of a diversity of tropical forest sites. Finally, we highlight areas of tropical forest research where notably few data are available, including temperature effects on: nutrient cycling, heterotrophic versus autotrophic respiration, thermal acclimation versus substrate limitation of plant and microbial communities, below-ground C allocation, species composition (plant and microbial), and the hydraulic architecture of roots. Whether or not tropical forests will become a source or a sink of C in a warmer world remains highly uncertain. Given the importance of these ecosystems to the global C budget, resolving this uncertainty is a primary research priority.

Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

PMID:

 

22607308

 

DOI:

 

10.1111/j.1469-185X.2012.00232.x

For further details log on website :
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22607308