The antecedents of memorable tourism experiences: The development of a scale to measure the destination attributes associated with memorable experiences

Published Date
October 2014, Vol.44:34–45, doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2014.02.007

Author 
Jong-Hyeong Kim ^,

School of Tourism Management, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Road Xin Gang Xi, 510275 Guangzhou, China
Received 10 June 2013. Accepted 17 February 2014. Available online 12 March 2014. 

Highlights

• This study explored destination attributes that facilitate the formation of memorable tourism experiences (MTEs).
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  A 10-dimensional construct (i.e., local culture, variety of activities, hospitality, infrastructure, environment management, accessibility, quality of service, physiography, place attachment, and superstructure) found to affect individuals' MTEs.
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  A scale instrument to measure each of the determinants of MTEs is developed.

Abstract 

Providing visitors with memorable tourism experiences (MTEs) is important for achieving success in the highly competitive tourism marketplace. To support destination managers, this paper developed a scale instrument that conceptualizes the attributes of destinations associated with MTEs. Following a rigorous scale development procedure, this study identified a 10-dimensional construct that affects MTEs. The data support this dimensional structure of the attributes of destinations affecting MTEs and the internal consistency and the validity (i.e., content, construct, convergent, and discriminant) of the scale. The theoretical and managerial implications of the study's results are discussed.

Keywords

Destination attributes

Memorable tourism experiences

Scale development

Tourism experiences

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Vitae

Jong-Hyeong Kim, Ph.D., is an associate professor in the school of Tourism Management at Sun Yat-sen University. His research interests are tourism marketing with a focus on memorable experience management.

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  Tel.: +86 20 8411 4584; fax: +86 20 8411 4569.
  
  

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International tourism, energy consumption, and environmental pollution: The case of Turkey

Published Date
August 2014, Vol.36:180–187, doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.04.058

Author 
Salih Turan Katircioglu ^,

Department of Banking and Finance, Eastern Mediterranean University, P.O. Box 95, Famagusta, Northern Cyprus, Via Mersin 10, Turkey

Received 7 August 2011. Revised 7 April 2014. Accepted 27 April 2014. Available online 15 May 2014.

Abstract

This study investigates the long-run equilibrium relationship between tourism, energy consumption, and environmental degradation as proxied by carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in Turkey, which attracts more than 30 million tourists per year, making it the sixth most visited country in the world. The study results reveal that tourism and energy consumption are in a long-term equilibrium relationship with CO₂ emissions; in the tourism-induced model, CO₂ emissions converge to the long-term equilibrium path by a 91.01 percent speed of adjustment every year through the channels of tourism, energy consumption, and aggregate income. Further, the results of the impulse response and variance decompositions reveal that the reaction of energy consumption, and therefore CO₂ emissions, to changes in tourism development is positive and gains strength in the longer periods. This implies that tourism development in Turkey has resulted not only in considerable increases in energy use but also considerable increases in climate change, as demonstrated by the econometric analysis of this study.

Keywords

Tourism

Energy consumption

Carbon emissions

Pollution

Autoregressive distributed lag

Turkey

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  Tel.: +90 392 630 2008; fax: +90 392 630 2032.

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Demand for enhanced forest amenities in private lands: The case of the Ruka-Kuusamo tourism area, Finland

Published Date
October 2014, Vol.47:4–13, doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2013.05.007

Forests and Ecosystem Services: Outlines for New Policy Options

Author 

Liisa Tyrväinen ^a,,

Erkki Mäntymaa ^a

Ville Ovaskainen ^b

aFinnish Forest Research Institute (Metla), P.O. Box 16, FI-96301 Rovaniemi, Finland

bFinnish Forest Research Institute (Metla), P.O. Box 18, FI-01301 Vantaa, Finland

Received 5 December 2012. Revised 29 April 2013. Accepted 30 May 2013. Available online 28 June 2013.

Highlights

• Demand for tourists willingness to pay for enhanced forest amenities were studied.
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  Tourists are willing to pay for forest management improving recreation environments.
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  Preparation of Re:MO_x (Re: Eu, Tb; M: Ti, Si) thin films with strong luminescence.
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  Results support establishment of a Landscape and Recreational Values Trading system.

Abstract 

Forestry as a large industry has significant impacts on the quality of forest landscapes in boreal forests. In Finland, the rapid growth of nature-based tourism has expanded tourism and outdoor recreation activities from protected areas into commercial forests, especially in northern Finland. This has created demands to modify current forest management regimes, in particular regeneration practices. As the landscape and recreational benefits of forests mainly represent direct and indirect use values, there may be a case for a direct contractual mechanism of payments between the users (e.g. tourism entrepreneurs) and providers (forest owners).

This paper presents the key results of a choice experiment study analyzing domestic and foreign tourists' demand for and willingness to pay for enhanced forest amenities, in particular landscape values and biodiversity, in private forests in the Ruka-Kuusamo tourism area in northeastern Finland. The results support the idea that tourists are willing to pay for selected improvements in the quality of outdoor recreation environments through adjustments in forest management in the case study area. Both foreign and domestic tourists were willing to pay for improvements in forest landscape, in terms of less frequent clear-cutting and site preparation areas along the routes, as well as for increased biodiversity. Foreign tourists' willingness to pay was significantly higher than domestic tourists'. Neither group would pay for extended outdoor recreation routes or increased carbon sequestration, even though reductions in these services would mean a welfare loss.

Keywords

Environmental benefits

Choice experiment method

Payments for ecosystem services

Market-based mechanisms

Nature-based tourism

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  This article belongs to the Special Issue: Forests and Ecosystem Services: Outlines for New Policy Options.

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  Corresponding author. Tel.: + 358 503914553.

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Nature-based tourism in private forests: Stakeholder management balancing the interests of entrepreneurs and forest owners?

Published Date
July 2014, Vol.35:70–79, doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2014.04.007

Author 

Anne Matilainen ^,

Merja Lähdesmäki

University of Helsinki, Ruralia Institute, Kampusranta 9 C, FI-60320 Seinäjoki, Finland

Available online 8 May 2014. 

Highlights

• Private forest owners and tourism sector are not in a typical business relationship.
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  4 different types of stakeholder strategies were found to manage the co-operation.
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  Traditional use of nature as common resource pool affects to stakeholder management.
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  Social pressure was used as a stakeholder management tool in rural context.
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  Especially challenging is to take into account the psychological ownership aspects.

Abstract 

Nature-based tourism is currently one of tourism's fastest-growing sectors. It is also the form of tourism that often benefits the economy of rural areas. In addition to publicly owned forests, nature tourism is in many countries situated in private forests that are not owned by the tourism entrepreneurs. Typically the forest owners gain only minimal benefits from hosting nature tourism on their land. However, access to private land can be essential to tourism entrepreneurs. Therefore, maintaining good relationships between entrepreneurs and private forest owners, as well as combining their interests, is vital for sustaining nature tourism activities. Despite this, the co-operation is usually very informal. Furthermore, some activities are implemented by utilizing traditional free public access, which further complicates the operational framework. To develop a high-quality nature tourism sector in rural areas, it is important to understand better the sustainable co-operation strategies between entrepreneurs and private forest owners. This explorative study seeks to learn how nature-based tourism entrepreneurs perceive the private forest owners as stakeholders of their business and what kind of stakeholder management strategies they have developed in order to maintain their activities. As a result, four stakeholder management strategies are presented in which the perception of the forest owner as a stakeholder varies according to the risk level for sustaining the business in the future.

Keywords

Private forest owner

Free public access

Nature-based tourism

Stakeholder approach

Qualitative study

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  Corresponding author. Tel.: +358 50 4151156.

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