Synthesis and characterization of kraft lignin-graft-polylactide copolymers

Published Date
November 2016, Volume 50, Issue 6, pp 1293–1304

Original

First Online: 

25 June 2016

DOI: 10.1007/s00226-016-0847-8

Cite this article as: 

Kim, S.J., Kim, Y.S., Lee, OK. et al. Wood Sci Technol (2016) 50: 1293. doi:10.1007/s00226-016-0847-8

Author

• Seok Ju Kim
• Yong Sik KimEmail author
• Oh-Kyu Lee
• Byoung-Jun Ahn

Abstract

The graft polymerization of polylactic acid (PLA) onto methanol-soluble kraft lignin (MeKL) was performed successfully through acylation substitution using chlorine-terminated PLA with a number average of molecular weight (Mn) of 5400–24,000 g/mol. As the Mn value of the PLA used for the graft polymerization process was increased, the obtained MeKL-g-PLA copolymers decreased from 9,000,000 to 1,100,000 g/mol. The structural characteristics of the MeKL-g-PLA copolymers were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. It was found that the thermal properties of the MeKL-g-PLA copolymers improved slightly, with their glass-transition temperature increasing to a level higher than that of pure PLA. The tensile strengths and elasticity modulus of the MeKL-g-PLA copolymers were independent of the Mn value and were 3.5–3.8 MPa and 0.038–0.045 GPa, respectively.

An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00226-016-0849-6.

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Carbon sequestration and the optimal forest harvest decision: A dynamic programming approach considering biomass and dead organic matter

Published Date

Journal of Forest Economics

Volume 17, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 3-17

Author 

Asante, P.^a , 

Armstrong, G.W.^a , 

Adamowicz, W.L.^b 

 

^a  Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H1, Canada
^b  Department of Rural Economy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H1, Canada 

Abstract

Carbon sequestration in forests is being considered as a mechanism to slow or reverse the trend of increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. We present results from a dynamic programming model used to determine the optimal harvest decision for a forest stand in the boreal forest of western Canada that provides both timber harvest volume and carbon sequestration services. The state of the system at any point in time is described by stand age and the amount of carbon in the dead organic matter pool. Merchantable timber volume and biomass are predicted as a function of stand age. Carbon stocks in the dead organic matter pool changes as a result of decomposition and litterfall. The results of the study indicate that while optimal harvest age is relatively insensitive to carbon stocks in dead organic matter, initial carbon stock levels significantly affect economic returns to carbon management. © 2010 Department of Forest Economics, SLU Umeå, Sweden.

Author keywords

Boreal forest; Carbon market; Optimal rotation

Indexed keywords

Boreal forests; Carbon management; Carbon market; Carbon sequestration; Carbon stocks; Dynamic programming model; Economic returns; Forest harvest; Forest stand; Litterfalls; Optimal rotation; Organic matter; Stand age; Timber harvests; Timber volume

Engineering controlled terms: Biogeochemistry; Biological materials; Carbon dioxide; Forestry; Harvesting; Lakes; Optimization; Organic compounds; Rotation; Timber

Engineering main heading: Dynamic programming

GEOBASE Subject Index: biomass allocation; boreal forest; carbon sequestration; emissions trading; environmental economics; linear programing; numerical model; organic matter; timber harvesting

PaperChem Variable: Biomass; Carbon Dioxide; Dynamics; Forests; Harvesting; Lakes; Optimization; Organic Compounds; Organic Matter; Rotation

Regional Index: Canada

ISSN: 11046899Source Type: Journal Original language: English

DOI: 10.1016/j.jfe.2010.07.001Document Type: Article

  Armstrong, G.W.; University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources, 751 General Services Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H1, Canada;
© Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

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Consequences of increasing bioenergy demand on wood and forests: An application of the Global Forest Products Model

Published Date

Volume 17, Issue 2, April 2011, Pages 214-229

Author 

Buongiorno, J.^a , 

Raunikar, R.^b, 

Zhu, S.^a

 

^a  Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
^b  US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, United States 

Abstract

The Global Forest Products Model (GFPM) was applied to project the consequences for the global forest sector of doubling the rate of growth of bioenergy demand relative to a base scenario, other drivers being maintained constant. The results showed that this would lead to the convergence of the price of fuelwood and industrial roundwood, raising the price of industrial roundwood by nearly 30% in 2030. The price of sawnwood and panels would be 15% higher. The price of paper would be 3% higher. Concurrently, the demand for all manufactured wood products would be lower in all countries, but the production would rise in countries with competitive advantage. The global value added in wood processing industries would be 1% lower in 2030. The forest stock would be 2% lower for the world and 4% lower for Asia. These effects varied substantially by country. © 2011 Department of Forest Economics, SLU Umeå, Sweden.

Author keywords

Bioenergy; Demand; Forest sector; Fuelwood; Modeling; Prices; Supply; Trade; Wood products

Indexed keywords

Bio-energy; Demand; Forest sector; Fuelwood; Modeling; Prices; Supply; Trade

Engineering controlled terms: Competition; Costs; Industry; Wood products

Engineering main heading: Commerce

GEOBASE Subject Index: bioenergy; forest product; forestry modeling; forestry production; fuelwood; timber industry; timber market; timber trade; wood

PaperChem Variable: Commerce; Competition; Costs; Demand; Forestry; Prices; Supply; Wood Products

Regional Index: Asia

ISSN: 11046899Source Type: Journal Original language: English

DOI: 10.1016/j.jfe.2011.02.008Document Type: Article

  Buongiorno, J.; Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States;
© Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

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The socioeconomic significance of subsistence non-wood forest products in Leyte, Philippines

Published Date
June 2002, pp. 253-262

Author 

• Celeste Lacuna-Richman ^(a1) 
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892902000152
• Published online: 01 August 2002

Abstract

The literature on non-wood forest products (NWFPs) often emphasizes the commercial potential of certain species. However, the utility of the forest to human communities located in or around it often exceeds the cash income residents get from the sale of commercial NWFPs, as indicated by limiting the harvest of the most marketable NWFPs in a forest-edge Philippine village that was formerly highly dependent on rattan (Calamus sp.) collection and processing as a cottage industry. A village survey showed that there was a correlation between specific socio-economic factors such as age, education, size and income of a household, and household food expenditure, and the knowledge and use of non-commercial NWFPs, which were collected for various purposes. The forest was still important and valued by the community for other uses. These other uses, including the extensive, habitual reliance on subsistence non-wood forest products, are described to illustrate the possibility that these products may be the only source of necessities until the greater economic conditions improve.

Copyright

2002 Foundation for Environmental Conservation

Corresponding author

Correspondence: Ms Celeste Lacuna-Richman Tel: + 358 13 251 4426 Fax: + 358 13 251 3590 e-mail: celeste.lacuna-richman@forest.joensuu.fi

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Collection and marketing of non-timber forest products by the Chepang community in Chitwan district of Nepal

Author

Piya, Luni and Maharjan, Keshav Lall and Joshi, Niraj Prakash and Dangol, Dharma Raj (2011): Collection and marketing of non-timber forest products by the Chepang community in Chitwan district of Nepal. Published in: The Journal of Agriculture and Environment , Vol. 12, (2011): pp. 10-21.

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Abstract

Chepangs are highly marginalized indigenous nationalities of Nepal, who live nearby the forests that are rich in Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs) of commercial importance. These NTFPs can be a potential source of income for Chepangs. This study describes the role of Chepangs in the marketing channel of those NTFPs and analyses the household socio-economic characteristics that influence the collection and marketing of NTFPs by Chepangs in Shaktikhor VDC of Chitwan district using backward multiple regression method. Empirical evidences show that collection and marketing of NTFPs is not an attractive source of income especially for those relatively better-off Chepang households who possess higher landholdings, food self-sufficiency, and income from other alternative sources. This is because the current price offered for the NTFPs collected by the community is very nominal, that do not even cover the labour costs involved. Praja Cooperative Limited (PCL), a Chepang community based institution in Shaktikhor, is struggling to provide better prices for Chepangs. However, it is facing challenges due to limited institutional management capacity of Chepangs. Further empowerment of PCL can contribute to improve the bargaining power of Chepang community in NTFP trade.

MPRA Paper
Original Title:	Collection and marketing of non-timber forest products by the Chepang community in Chitwan district of Nepal
Language:	English
Keywords:	backward multiple regression, household socio-economic characteristics, indigenous nationalities, marketing channel, Praja Cooperative Limited
Subjects:	M - Business Administration and Business Economics ; Marketing ; Accounting ; Personnel Economics > M3 - Marketing and Advertising > M31 - Marketing
Item ID:	35389
Depositing User:	Niraj Prakash Joshi
Date Deposited:	15. Dec 2011 02:20
Last Modified:	12. Aug 2015 01:51

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URI : 

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