Published Date

Article Citation:

Adi Santoso, Yusuf Sudo Hadi, and Jamaludin Malik (2014) Composite Flooring Quality of Combined Wood Species Using Adhesive from Merbau Wood Extract. Forest Products Journal: 2014, Vol. 64, No. 5-6, pp. 179-186.

doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/FPJ-D-13-00051

REVIEWED ARTICLES

Composite Flooring Quality of Combined Wood Species Using Adhesive from Merbau Wood Extract

Adi Santoso, Yusuf Sudo Hadi, and Jamaludin Malik

The authors are, respectively, Biocomposites Scientist, Forest Products Research Inst., Bogor, Indonesia (asanto10@yahoo.com); Professor, Biocomposite Lab., Bogor Agric. Univ., Bogor, Indonesia (yshadi@indo.net.id [corresponding author]); and Manufacturing Scientist, Forest Products Research Inst., Bogor, Indonesia (jmalik@dephut.go.id). This paper was received for publication in May 2013. Article no. 13‐00051.

Abstract 

Polyphenol chemical components extracted from merbau (Intsia spp.) wood exhibit a strong affinity for resorcinol and formaldehyde in alkaline conditions, forming a copolymer that could serve as an adhesive. A liquid extract of merbau wood (M) was allowed to copolymerize with resorcinol (R) and formaldehyde (F) under alkaline conditions, with an M:R:F weight ratio of 100:5:10. The course of the reaction and potential mechanisms of copolymerization were scrutinized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and differential thermal analysis. The adhesive was used to manufacture three-ply composite flooring consisting of a back layer of rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis), a core layer from sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) wood, and a face layer with one of seven wood species, namely, sengon, sungkai (Peronema canescens), mangium (Acacia mangium), rubberwood, mahogany (Swietenia spp.), kempas (Koompassia malaccensis), and merbau. The adhesive was spread on the face and back layers of 170 g/m2 single glue line, which was followed by pressing at 11 kg/cm2 for 3 hours at room temperature. After conditioning for 10 days, the resulting composite flooring was examined to assess its physical and mechanical properties, shear strength, and formaldehyde emission. Results revealed that the bioadhesive exhibited crystallinity of 23.32 percent and a melting glass transition of 115.31°C. IV-meter intrinsic viscosity tools were used to determine the product's molecular weight of 49,658. Physical–mechanical properties and shear quality of the composite flooring were similar to products that use synthetic phenolic adhesive and belong to the exterior quality type with E0 or F**** types of low formaldehyde emission.

Cited by

Adi Santoso, Yusuf Sudo Hadi, Antonio Pizzi and Marie-Christine Lagel. (2016) Characterization of Merbau Wood Extract Used as an Adhesive in Glued Laminated Lumber. Forest Products Journal 66:5-6, 313-318.
Online publication date: 7-Oct-2016.
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (447 KB) 

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http://www.forestprodjournals.org/doi/abs/10.13073/FPJ-D-13-00051