Author
Ndububa E. E*, Nwobodo D. C** and Okeh, I. M**
For further details log on website :
http://www.ijera.com/papers/Vol5_issue4/Part%20-%205/F504052933.pdf
Ndububa E. E*, Nwobodo D. C** and Okeh, I. M**
* Department of Civil Engineering, University of Abuja. P.M.B 117, Abuja. Nigeria.
** Department of Civil Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi. Nigeria
Abstract
Fonio (“Acha”) husk passing through a maximum 4mm sieve aperture was blended with an adhesive liquid resin of gum Arabic to form Fonio Husk Particleboard (FHP) samples. The resin binder was a product of crushed balls of gum Arabic that was mixed with water at ratio 4:3 by weight. The resin was introduced at percentage levels of 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40% and 45% by weight. After pressing, heat treatments and curing, the particleboard samples were tested for mechanical strengths. The compressive strength ranged from 0.057N/mm2 at 20% level to 0.369N/mm2 at 45% level. Tensile strength increased steadily with increase in resin levels peaking at 0.792 N/mm2 for 45% level. The flexural strength followed the same trend peaking at 45% level with 3.697 N/mm2. Some of the values met the minimum values prescribed by British, American and European Standards. The boards may not be used as load bearing materials but will be better suited as internal wall partitions and ceiling materials.
Fonio (“Acha”) husk passing through a maximum 4mm sieve aperture was blended with an adhesive liquid resin of gum Arabic to form Fonio Husk Particleboard (FHP) samples. The resin binder was a product of crushed balls of gum Arabic that was mixed with water at ratio 4:3 by weight. The resin was introduced at percentage levels of 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40% and 45% by weight. After pressing, heat treatments and curing, the particleboard samples were tested for mechanical strengths. The compressive strength ranged from 0.057N/mm2 at 20% level to 0.369N/mm2 at 45% level. Tensile strength increased steadily with increase in resin levels peaking at 0.792 N/mm2 for 45% level. The flexural strength followed the same trend peaking at 45% level with 3.697 N/mm2. Some of the values met the minimum values prescribed by British, American and European Standards. The boards may not be used as load bearing materials but will be better suited as internal wall partitions and ceiling materials.
I. Introduction
The Construction industry is one of the fastest growing sectors in Nigeria and globally too. Rapid construction activity and growing demand of houses has led to the short fall of traditional building materials. Bricks, cement, sand and wood are now becoming more expensive. Demand for good quality of building materials to replace the traditional materials and the need for cost effective and durable materials for the low cost housing has necessitated the researchers to develop variety of new and innovative building materials (CIRAD, 2010).
Wood or wood based composite boards with lightweight & high strength are still a preferred option for construction. The growing shortage of wood has led to the development of suitable alternative materials. Fonio husk, which is a post harvest agricultural waste, can be converted into particle board and then considered as a potential substitute for wood & wood based boards. Previous works on particle board made from post harvest agro- wastes like rice husks (Ndububa, 2012), (Bamisaye, 2007), maize cobs (Ndububa et. al., 2006) showed the boards as possessing appreciable mechanical strengths that met International standards. In the case of Bamisaye (2007), Aluminium Chloride was introduced as a chemical additive.
Others from saw dust and wood shavings also showed high performance in flexure, tension and compression with gum Arabic as resin binder (Ndububa, 2013)
Particleboard is a panel product manufactured from lignocellulosic materials primarily in the form of discrete particles combined with a synthetic resin or other suitable binder and bonded together under heat and pressure. In essence, particleboard is a composite material. Most of the time particleboard pertains to panels manufactured from a mixture of wood particle or otherwise from particles other than wafers and flakes.
The Construction industry is one of the fastest growing sectors in Nigeria and globally too. Rapid construction activity and growing demand of houses has led to the short fall of traditional building materials. Bricks, cement, sand and wood are now becoming more expensive. Demand for good quality of building materials to replace the traditional materials and the need for cost effective and durable materials for the low cost housing has necessitated the researchers to develop variety of new and innovative building materials (CIRAD, 2010).
Wood or wood based composite boards with lightweight & high strength are still a preferred option for construction. The growing shortage of wood has led to the development of suitable alternative materials. Fonio husk, which is a post harvest agricultural waste, can be converted into particle board and then considered as a potential substitute for wood & wood based boards. Previous works on particle board made from post harvest agro- wastes like rice husks (Ndububa, 2012), (Bamisaye, 2007), maize cobs (Ndububa et. al., 2006) showed the boards as possessing appreciable mechanical strengths that met International standards. In the case of Bamisaye (2007), Aluminium Chloride was introduced as a chemical additive.
Others from saw dust and wood shavings also showed high performance in flexure, tension and compression with gum Arabic as resin binder (Ndububa, 2013)
Particleboard is a panel product manufactured from lignocellulosic materials primarily in the form of discrete particles combined with a synthetic resin or other suitable binder and bonded together under heat and pressure. In essence, particleboard is a composite material. Most of the time particleboard pertains to panels manufactured from a mixture of wood particle or otherwise from particles other than wafers and flakes.
Conventional Particle board is manufactured by
mixing wood particles or flakes together with a resin
and forming the mix into a sheet. There are several
types of resins that are commonly used. Amino
formaldehyde based resins are the best with respect
to cost and ease of use. Urea melamine resins are
used to offer water resistance with increased
melamine offering enhanced resistance. Phenol
formaldehyde is typically used where the panel is
used in external application due to the increased
water resistance offered by phenolic resins and also
the colour of the resin resulting in a darker panel. In
addition, panel production involves various other
chemicals. These include wax, dyes, wetting agents
and release agents. They make the final product water
resistant, fire proof, insect proof or give it some other
quality. Once the resin has been mixed with the
particles, the liquid mixture is made into a sheet. The
sheets formed are first cold-compressed to reduce
their thickness.
Later, they are compressed again under pressures between two and three mega Pascal and temperatures between 140oc and 220oc. This process sets and hardens the glue with consideration to the size, density and consistency of the board. The boards produced lies within the densities of 590kg/m3 to 900kg/m3. They are then cooled, trimmed and sanded. These boards can then be sold as raw board
Later, they are compressed again under pressures between two and three mega Pascal and temperatures between 140oc and 220oc. This process sets and hardens the glue with consideration to the size, density and consistency of the board. The boards produced lies within the densities of 590kg/m3 to 900kg/m3. They are then cooled, trimmed and sanded. These boards can then be sold as raw board
For further details log on website :
http://www.ijera.com/papers/Vol5_issue4/Part%20-%205/F504052933.pdf
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