Melanoidins as major colourant in sugarcane molasses based distillery effluent and its degradation

Author

RamChandraaRam NareshBharagavaaVibhutiRaib

a

Environmental Microbiology Section, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Post Box No. 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, U.P., India

b

School of Studies in Life Sciences, Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, C.G., India

Received 26 May 2007, Revised 19 September 2007, Accepted 21 September 2007, Available online 7 November 2007.

Abstract

Melanoidins are natural condensation products of sugar and amino acids produced by non-enzymatic Maillard amino–carbonyl reaction taking place between the amino and carbonyl groups in organic substances. Melanoidins extensively exist in food products, drinks and wastewaters released from distilleries and fermentation industries. Melanoidins are very important from the nutritional, physiological and environmental aspects and due to their structural complexity, dark colour and offensive odor, these pose serious threat to soil and aquatic ecosystem that release of melanoidins cause increased load of recalcitrant organic material to natural water bodies. This then causes the problems, like reduction of sunlight penetration, decreased photosynthetic activity and dissolved oxygen concentration whereas on land, it causes reduction in soil alkalinity and inhibition of seed germination. Further, due to the possibility of complexation reactions of introduced melanoidins with metal ions, they could influence the biogeochemical cycle of many constituents in natural waters. This review presents an overview to dramatic progress to understand the synthesis, chemical structure and degradation pathway of melanoidins as well as microbial strategies for the degradation and decolourisation of melanoidins.

Abbreviations

MRPs

maillard reaction products

MnP

manganese dependent peroxidases

MIP

manganese independent peroxidases

H1 NMR

protonic nuclear magnetic resonance

CP-MAS

crossed polarized-magnetic angle spinning

HPLC

high performance liquid chromatography

ECD

electrochemical diode

DAD

diode array detector

GC

gas chromatography

FAB

fast atom bombardment

MS

mass spectrometry

ESI

electro spray ionization

CE

capillary electrophoresis

MALDI-TOF

matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight

LC–MS

liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

NBT

nitroblue tetrazolium

ELISA

enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

FM-AA

furoylmethyl amino acids

RP-HPLC

reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography

CEC

cation exchange chromatography, HA, humic acid

KDa

kilo Dalton

DNA

deoxy ribose nucleic acid

LMW

low molecular weight

Dp

degree of polymerization

IR

infrared

PMDE

post-methanated distillery effluent

MWW

melanoidin wastewater

COD

chemical oxygen demand

BOD

biological oxygen demand

MSW

molasses spent wash

MDA

melanoidin degrading ability

CFU

colony forming unit

MDE

melanoidin decolourizing enzyme

p-CMB

p-chloromercuribenzoic acid

N-BSI

N-bromosuccinylimide

HTL

heat treatment liquor

SDS-PAGE

sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis

DMP

2,6-dimethoxyphenol

ABTS

2,2′-azino-bis[3-ethyl-6-benzothiazoline sulfonate]

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