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Thursday, 19 January 2017
Seven species of Olethreutinae (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) new to Korea
Published Date
Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 30 June 2015, Vol.8(2):133–138,doi:10.1016/j.japb.2015.04.004 Open Access, Creative Commons license,Funding information Original article Author
Jae-Cheon Sohn a
Kyu-Tek Park b
Soowon Cho c,,
aDepartment of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
bThe Korean Academy of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
cDepartment of Plant Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
Received 10 March 2015. Revised 20 April 2015. Accepted 23 April 2015. Available online 5 May 2015.
Abstract Seven species of Olethreutinae, namely,Bactra venosana(Zeller),Eudemis brevisetosaOku,Gypsonoma dealbana(Frölich),Hedya iophaea(Meyrick),Lobesia takahiraiBae,Pammene nemorosaKuznetsov, andPhaecadophora fimbrataWalsingham are reported from Korea for the first time. Photos of adult habitus and genitalia are provided if available. Keywords
fauna
host plants
new record
Tortricoidea
Introduction
Olethreutinae is one of three subfamilies within the family Tortricidae (Horak 1998). In contrast to the other two subfamilies, the monophyly of Olethreutinae has been strongly supported by morphological (Horak 1998) and molecular studies (Regier et al 2012). Two synapomorphies define olethreutine moths, namely, the presence of a single whorl of scales on the antennal flagellomeres and the fusion of the phallus to the juxta through the anellus in the male genitalia. Olethreutinae currently includes 4,417 species in 355 genera worldwide (Gilligan et al 2010), including several economically important pest species such as the codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and the Oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta).
All the specimens examined here are deposited in the Insect Specimen Room, Department of Plant Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea and the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), Incheon, Korea.
Description. Forewing (Figure 1) length 6.1–7 mm, brownish gray, suffused with dark brown along the costal area, with dark gray suffusion from the distal end of the discal cell, broadened to the outer margin; white markings from the distal end of the discal cell to apex; costal strigulae gray. Hind wing pale brownish gray, paler in the anal area.
Male genitalia (Figure 8). With small socii; costa of valva roundly concave at distal one-third region; cucullus clavate; valvula long, narrow in basal two third of the region, spatulate, with comb of bristles in distal one-third portions; the saccular margin protruding distally, with strong bristles; vinculum with a denticulate, triangular flap; phallus robust, straight, with spiniform cornuti.
Female genitalia (Figure 14). With semioval lamella antevaginalis; a pair of small, triangular sclerites near the ostium bursae; area surrounding ostium bursae is sclerotized; antrum in the posterior one sixth portion of ductus bursae is cylindrical; corpus bursae ovate, with denticulate, semicircular signum. See Diakonoff (1956)for the detailed description of B. venosana.
Material examined. 2♂, 1♀, Jeonbuk Province, Muju, Mupung, Samgeo-ri (N35°52′02.0″ E127°49′42.2″, Alt. 933m), 27 VII 2003 (SW Cho, SC Nam and OB Kwon), genitalia slide number (GSN): SJC-265(♂), 273(♀).
Distribution. Korea (new record), Japan, China, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, South Europe, Canary Island, North Africa, Marianas Island, Australia, Fiji Island, and Hawaii Islands (introduced).
Host plants. This species is commonly known as the Nut grass borer or Nutsedge borer. The larvae feed into the stem of the nut grass or purple nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus L. (Fletcher and Ghosh, 1920 and Kawabe, 1982), which is often called “the world’s worst weed” (Holm et al 1977). Therefore, Bactra venosana has been considered for biological control of this weed in Hawaii (Zimmermann 1978) and India (Ganga Visalakshy and Jayanth 2002). The larvae of the species also feed on other Cyperaceae such as European species of Cyperus (Razowski 2003) and Kyllinga spp. from Hawaii (Diakonoff 1989), including Kyllinga brevifolia Roem. Et Schult. and Kyllinga monocephala L. and Poaceae such as Saccharum officinarumL. in China (Zhang 1994) and Phragmites sp. in Europe (Razowski 2003).
Description. Forewing (Figure 2) length 7.2–8 mm, dark yellowish brown, suffused with dark brown along the costal area; costal strigulae gray in basal one third, white in distal half; basal area dark yellowish gray, with gray basal and sub-basal lines; antemedian line gray, two branched in anterior half; a small, oblique, gray bar at distal one third of the dorsal margin; postmedian line oblique and gray; a dark brown, semicircular patch in the grayish yellow submarginal area. Hind wing brownish gray, paler to base.
Male genitalia (Figure 10). With socius one half as long as tegumen; valva elongate, with spiniform setae in distal two third except the costal area, costa convex at basal one third, apex round; sacculus with long setae; phallus stout, slightly curved.
Female genitalia (Figure 15). With sterigma concave posteromedially; lamella antevaginalis elliptical; ductus bursae conical near ostium bursae; corpus bursae ovate, with two blade-like signa, one signum larger than the other. See Oku (2005)for the detailed description of E. brevisetosa and its distinctiveness from Eudemis lucina Liu and Bai.
Material examined. 1♂, Gyonggi Province, Gunpo, Mt. Surisan, 5 V 2002 (JC Sohn) [larva], 16 V 2002 [pupation], 25 V 2005 [emergence], on Prunus sargentii; 1♂, Gyonggi Province, Yongin, Hegok-dong, Temple Waujeongsa, 6 V 2002 (JC Sohn) [larva], 8 V 2002 [pupation], 28 V 2002 [emergence] on Prunus serrulata var. spontanea; 2♂, 1♀, Gangwon Province, Hweongseong, Gapcheon, 28 IV 1999 (JC Sohn) [larvae], 10 V 1999 [pupation], 29 V 1999 [emergence] on P. sargentii, GSN: SJC-432(♂); 1♀, Gangwon Province, Chuncheon, Gangchon, Gugokpokpo, 23 IV 1999 (JC Sohn) [larva], 29 IV 1999 [pupation], 17 V 1999 [emergence] on Quercus mongolica; 1♀, ditto, 5 V 1999 (JC Sohn) [larva], 16 V 1999 [pupation], 30 V 1999 [emergence] on P. sargentii, GSN: SJC-453; 2♀, ditto, 24–25 IV 2001 (JC Sohn) [larvae], 7–9 V 2001 [pupation], 16–21 V 2001 [emergence] on P. sargentii; 1♀, Gangwon Province, Hongcheon, Sanmachi-ri, 8 V 1999 (JC Sohn) [larva], 22 V 1999 [pupation], 1 VI 1999 [emergence] on P. sargentii; 1♀, Gangwon Province, Chuncheon, Kangwon National University, 28 IV 1999 (JC Sohn) [larva], 15 V 1999 [pupation], 27 V 1999 [emergence] on Q. mongolica; 1♀, Chungbuk Province, Jecheon, Mt. Wolagsan, 7 V 2004 (JC Sohn) [larva], 14 V 2004 [pupation], 26 V 2004 [emergence] on P. sargentii.
Distribution. Korea (new record) and Japan.
Host plants. Rosaceae: Prunus sargentii Rehder and P. serrulata var. spontanea(Maxim.) E. H. Wilson in this study; P. verecunda (Koidz.) Koehne in Japan (Oku 2005). Fagaceae: Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. in this study; Q. serrataThunb. and Q. acuta Thunb. in Japan (Oku 2005). Oku (2005) noted that a host range of Eudemis brevisetosa is broader than that of E. lucina, exclusively feeding on the leaves of oak trees (e.g. Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb., Q. serrataThunb., and Q. dentata Thunb. in Japan).
Remarks. Two species, Eudemis lucina and E. brevisetosa, have long been confused with a European species E. profundana.Oku (2005) mentioned that E. lucinaLiu and Bai, 1982, (국명신칭: 신갈큰애기잎말이나방) is found in Korea, probably based on the picture provided in Byun et al (1998). In fact, the species previously known as Eudemis profundana in Korea was a complex of Eudemis lucina and E. brevisetosa. We herein provided additional records of E. lucina(Figures 1–7 and Figures 8–13) from Korea with its host plant; 1♂, Gangwon Province, Chuncheon, Kangwon National University, 28 IV 1999 (JC Sohn) [larva], 15 V 1999 [pupation], 27 V 1999 [emergence] on Q. mongolica, GSN: SJC-433; 1♀, ditto, 7 V 2001 (JC Sohn) [larva], 13 V 2001 [pupation], 28 V 2001 [emergence] on Q. mongolica.
Description. Forewing (Figure 6) length 5.8 mm, dark brown, suffused with yellowish brown in distal one third of the costal area and middle of the terminal area; costal strigulae gray; a broad fascia from basal two fifth of the costa to the middle of the dorsum, broadened to the dorsum; gray mottles in the submarginal area. Hind wing brownish gray.
Male genitalia (Figure 9). With uncus absent; socii lobate, setose; tegumen long, trapezoidal; cucullus round, setose, with strong setae and three short spines along the lower margin; a short, dentiform process at the middle of the upper margin of the sacculus; basal one half of the upper margin of the sacculus semicircular, convex at middle; the saccular margin protruding at distal one fourth; phallus with needle-like cornuti. See Razowski (2003) for the detailed description of G. dealbana, based on both sexes.
Material examined. 1♂, Gyeonggi-do Province, Paju, Daeseong-dong (in Korean Demilitarized Zone), 4-5 VI 1997 (HC Kim), GSN: SJC-266.
Distribution. Korea (new record), Japan, China (Guizhou), Russia, Kazakhstan, and Western Europe.
Host plants. Polyphagous (after Razowski 2003) on Corylus, Crataegus, Alnus, Betula, Populus including Populus tremula, Salix, Quercus, etc. The larvae feed in catkins or buds of birch, alder, filbert, and rarely oak (Kuznetsov, 1978 and Swatschek, 1958). The moth also spins leaves of the host plants together (Razowski 2003).
Description. Forewing (Figure 7) length 4.5–5.1 mm, dark brown, with bluish-lustrous dots; marginal patch connecting the apex and middle of the dorsum brown, mottled with purplish gray. Hind wing dark brown, paler in basal one third.
Male genitalia (Figure 12). With uncus linguiform, setose; tegumen narrowly round posteriorly; valva elongate, narrowly rounded apically, with dense, long-spiniform setae along the lower half from basal one fourth to distal one ninth; a semicircular zone of strong, spiniform setae at basal one third; small bulge at basal one sixth of the saccular margin; phallus short, robust.
Female genitalia (Figure 17). With sterigma rectangular, concave anteriorly and posteriorly, covered with microscopic thorns; ductus bursae narrow, 7.5 times longer than sterigma; corpus bursae elliptical, with two nearly identical, dentiform signa. See Diakonoff (1973) for the detailed description of the genitalia of Hedya iophaea.
Materials examined. 3♂, 2♀, Gyongnam Province, Island Geojedo, Jangmog, Jangmunpo-waeseong [castle] (N34°59′30.8″ E128°40′25.2″), 18 VI 2004 (JC Sohn), GSN: SJC-543(♂), 585(♀); 1♂, Jeonnam Province, Island Jindo, Dongoe-ri, Mt. Sulibong (N34°28′37.8″ E126°18′04.1″, Alt. 183 m), 29 VI 2004 (JC Sohn, HJ Park, SC Nam & YE Han), GSN: SJC-586(♂).
Distribution. Korea (new record), China, Japan, Taiwan, Vietnam, Borneo, Java, and Sri Lanka.
Host plant. Eurya japonica (Theaceae) in Japan (Kawabe 1982).
Lobesia takahiraiBae, 1996: 532. Type locality: Japan (Wakayama Prefecture, Kotonodaki).
Description. Forewing (Figure 4) length 4.5 mm, narrow, pale orange, irrotated with grayish brown, strigulated with dark brown; costal strigulae alternating with pale orange and dark brown; sub-basal and antemedian lines dark brown; dark brown, semicurcular patch at the middle of the termen. Hind wing dark brownish gray.
Male genitalia. Not found in this study.
Female genitalia (Figure 16). With sterigma flabellate; ductus bursae slender; corpus bursae globular, spinulate in the anterior half; two scobinate circular signa sparsely surrounded with short thorns. See Bae (1996) for the detailed description of L. takahirai, based on both sexes.
Material examined. 1♀, Gyongbuk Province, Sangju, Mt. Sokrisan, Mansugaegok [valley], 26 VII 2002 (MA Kim), GSN: SJC-210.
Description. No dried specimens for a figure of adult are available here. Forewing truncate apically, brownish black, spackled with black; wing pattern elements comprising white costal strigulae, submarginal ocelloid patch and gray, medial–posterior dorsal blotch. Hind wing dark brownish gray, paler to base.
Female genitalia (Figure 18). With anal papillae are elliptical, setose; apophysis anterior is longer than apophysis posterior; sterigma broad, medially emarginated two times; sterigma ring cup-like; ostium bursa bowl shaped; ductus bursae short, tubular; corpus bursae long, elliptical, with two spine-like signa. See Kawabe (1982: 30, Figure 16) for the external appearance; and Komai (1999) for the genitalia of both sexes.
Material examined. 5♀, Chungbuk Province, Cheongju, Gaesin-dong (N36°37′39.9″ E 127°27′13.9″, Alt. 60 m), 19 IV 2007 (S Cho), all preserved in alcohol.
Distribution. Korea (new record), Japan, China, Russia (Far East).
Host plants. Buds and acorns of Quercus dentata Thunb. and Q. serrata Thunb. (Fagaceae) (Komai 1999).
Remarks.Komai (1999) divided Pammene into 10 species groups, and P. nemorosa belongs to the insulana-species group. Park and Ahn (1987) reported P. nemorosa from Korea. This record, however, turned out to be a misidentification of Pammene griseana Walsingham (Bae and Park 1998). We here confirm the occurrence of P. nemorosa from Korea for the first time.
Description. Forewing (Figure 5) length 8.9 mm, dark brown, black along the costa, with longitudinal, black streaks between veins, brownish white streaks along veins, dark brown streaks along the discal cell; costal strigulae purplish gray; sinuous, brownish white fascia on CuP fold; tornal patch gray; dorsal patch dark gray, sharply curved at basal three fourth. Hind wing dark grayish brown, paler to base.
Male genitalia (Figure 13). With uncus elongate, setose, hooked apically; cucullus as long as valva, bulged on distal one third of the dorsal margin, narrowly round apically, concave at basal one third of the ventral margin, with stiff setae of transverse ridge near base and a long pencil of strong setae ventrobasally; sacculus bulged, with setal brush at distal one third; phallus with spiniform cornuti. See Diakonoff (1973) for the description of the female genitalia of Phaecadophora fimbrata.
Material examined. 1♂, Gyeongnam Province, Geoje-do Island, Hacheong, Mt. Yongdeung-san (N34°57′46.6″ E128°39′35.7″, Alt. 88m), 3 IX 2003 (S Cho & HJ Park), GSN: SJC-264.
Distribution. Korea (new record), Japan, China, Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia (Java), India, Australia, and New Guinea.
This study was financially supported by the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR No. 201501203).
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