Rubber, is used by different industries as an engineering material for a wide variety of applications, because of its ability to undergo large deformations without rupture and to recover almost completely when the forces causing such deformations are removed. Rubbers are subject to some chemical degradation and mechanical damage during storage and service because of their chemical structure. For many applications, such effects are not serious, since suitable maintenance programs are practiced. To reduce the time spent on maintenance, rubber components should be made to function satisfactorily in service, and have adequate storage life. Degradation and mechanical damage during storage and use are related to rubber elasticity and other properties which are described in this chapter. These cover: elasticity; vulcanization; second order transition, brittle point and crystallization; effects of fluids; creep and stress relaxation; dynamic properties– hysteresis; friction, abrasion and tearing; thermal effects; chemical properties; oxygen attack; ozone attack; light aging; resistance to water; and compression set. Failure mode and effects analysis is a procedure for analyzing of potential failures of seals and ‘O’ rings within a system of classification by severity, or determination of the effect of failures. It is widely used in manufacturing at various phases of the product life cycle.
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