Author
For further details log on website :
http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/riiriidoc/148.htm
No 148, Working Papers from Laboratoire de Recherche sur l'Industrie et l'Innovation. ULCO / Research Unit on Industry and Innovation
Abstract: Mises en place progressivement au cours du XXeme siècle en Europe et aux Etats-Unis. Elles ont suivi les avancées scientifiques réalisées à partir des premières recherches en génétique et ont pris leur essor après le développement des outils biologiques et techniques moléculaires apparus à la fin des années 1960. Nous distinguons trois périodes dans la création de matériel végétal qui ont mobilisé des acteurs spécifiques et auxquelles correspondent des systèmes de protection distincts : les paysans procédaient à une sélection empirique des végétaux pendant la période traditionnelle et n’obtenaient pas de monopoles sur le résultat de leur activité ; les avancées scientifiques et techniques (lois de l’hérédité, biotechnologies, etc.) caractérisent la période conventionnelle, au cours de laquelle les institutions publiques et les organismes agricoles deviennent des acteurs essentiels et où se construit le système de protection par certificat d’obtention végétale. Enfin, la période moderne est marquée par l’émergence des technosciences, impulsées par les firmes biotechnologiques qui agissent pour renforcer les droits privatifs (brevets sur des organismes vivants) afin de rentabiliser leurs investissements. In this document, we study the forms of protection of biological innovations developed during the 20th century in Europe and in the United States. They have followed the results of the scientific progress based on the first research in genetics and have gained ground with the creation of biologic tools and molecular techniques at the end of the 1960s. We present three periods in the creation of vegetal material, which have involved specific actors and to which correspond distinct systems of protection: during the traditional period, farmers empirically selected plants and did not obtain monopolies on their achievements. The conventional period is characterized by scientific and technical progress (heredity laws, biotechnology, etc.), the emergence of public institutions and agriculture organisms as main actors, and the development of a system of protection based on plant variety protection certificates. Finally, during the modern period, technosciences are developed with the support of biotechnological firms, that act to reinforce privative rights (patents on living parts) in order to recoup their investments.
Keywords: industrial property; biotechnology; plant kingdom; biological innovations (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: L52 O25 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2007-04
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations Track citations by RSS feed
JEL-codes: L52 O25 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2007-04
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations Track citations by RSS feed
Published in Cahiers du Lab.RII, Avril 2007
Downloads: (external link)
http://riifr.univ-littoral.fr/wp-content/uploads/2007/04/doc%20148.pdf (application/pdf)
http://riifr.univ-littoral.fr/wp-content/uploads/2007/04/doc%20148.pdf (application/pdf)
Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.
Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text
Persistent link: http://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:rii:riidoc:148
Access Statistics for this paper
More papers in Working Papers from Laboratoire de Recherche sur l'Industrie et l'Innovation. ULCO / Research Unit on Industry and Innovation Contact information at EDIRC.
Series data maintained by Philippe Chagnon (chagnon@univ-littoral.fr).
Series data maintained by Philippe Chagnon (chagnon@univ-littoral.fr).
For further details log on website :
http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/riiriidoc/148.htm
No comments:
Post a Comment